Table 4 Association of non-falciparum malaria overall with birth outcomes including placental malaria (PM), birth-weight and haemoglobin concentration

No active PM

744

78.2

20

76.9

Active PM

207

21.8

6

23.1

Crude OR (95 % CI), p value

[Reference]

–

1.06 (0.41, 2.76)

0.90

Adjusted OR (95 % CI), p value

[Reference]

–

1.63 (0.58, 4.60)

0.36

Normal birth weight

1099

82.9

26

83.9

Low birth weight

227

17.1

5

16.1

Crude OR (95 % CI), p value

[Reference]

–

0.97 (0.36, 2.57)

0.94

Adjusted OR (95 % CI), p value

[Reference]

–

0.95 (0.35, 2.58)

0.92

Birth weight (kg)

2.85

0.48

2.78

0.31

Crude difference, grammes (95 % CI), p value

[Reference]

–

−57.7 (−227.7, 112.3)

0.51

Adjusted difference, grammes (95 % CI), p value

[Reference]

–

−51.9 (−220.8, 117.0)

0.54

Hb at final ANC

10.93

1.36

11.05

1.16

Crude difference, g/dL (95 % CI), p value

[Reference]

–

−0.09 (−0.64, 0.47)

0.76

Adjusted difference, g/dL (95 % CI), p value

[Reference]

–

0.01 (−0.55, 0.56)

0.98