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Table 3 The primer pairs, PCR product sizes, restriction enzymes used and the digestion product size in detection of gene polymorphism on pvdhfr and pvdhps gene

From: Mutations of pvdhfr and pvdhps genes in vivax endemic-malaria areas in Kota Marudu and Kalabakan, Sabah

Gene/primer pair

PCR product size (bp)

To detectmutation at codon

Restriction enzyme used

Digestion product size (bp)

Wild type

Mutation

DHFR

Forward: VDF 13NF

Reserve: VDF NR58

232

Ile13Leu

Pro33Leu

Ser58Arg

Thr61Met

HaeII

SacII

AluI

Tsp451

Ile: 232

Pro: 138 and 94

Ser: 167, 40 and 25

Thr: 200 and 32

Leu: 200 and 32

Leu: 232

Arg: 207 and 25

Met: 232

DHFR/

Forward: VDNF57

Reserve: VDF NR

472

Phe57Ile/Leu

BsrGI

PvuII

BstNI

BsrI

Phe: 472

Ser: 258 and 214

Ser: 472

Ser: 472

Ile: 444 and 28

Leu: 472

Asn/Thr: 472

Thr: 257 and 215

Asn: 472

Asn: 253 and 219

Thr: 472

DHFR/

Forward: VDT OF

Reverse: VDF NR

608

Phe57Ile/Leu

Ile173Leu

XmnI

StyI

Phe: 442 and 166

Ile: 472 and 136

Ile/Leu: 608

Leu: 438, 97 and 73

DHPS/

Forward: VDHPS NF

Reverse: VDHPS NR

703

Ala383Gly

MspI

Ala: 703

Gly: 655 and 48

DHPS/

Forward: VDHPS553OF

Reverse: VDHPSNR

170

Ala553Gly

MscI

Ala: 143 and 27

Gly: 170