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Table 4 Adjusted hazard ratios for immunological variables independently associated with malaria risk in the final model

From: Antibody levels against GLURP R2, MSP1 block 2 hybrid and AS202.11 and the risk of malaria in children living in hyperendemic (Burkina Faso) and hypo-endemic (Ghana) areas

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Immunological/age variables

Adjusted HR (95 % CI)

Wald p value

Burkina Faso

GLURP R2 IgG3 (values transformed to log base 10)

0.82 (0.74, 0.91)

p < 0.0001

MSP1-hybrid IgM (values transformed to log base 10)

0.85 (0.73, 0.98)

p = 0.02

Age group (months)

 6–23

1

p < 0.0001

 24–35

1.12 (0.91, 1.38)

 36–47

0.82 (0.62, 1.07)

 48–60

0.44 (0.31, 0.63)

Ghana

GLURP R2 IgG3 (values transformed to log base 10)

0.48 (0.25, 0.91)

p = 0.02

AS202.11 IgG (values transformed to log base 10)

1.29 (1.01, 1.65)

p = 0.04

Age group (months)

 6–23

1

p < 0.01

 24–35

0.14 (0.04, 0.48)

 36–47

0.14 (0.04, 0.48)

 48–72

0.19 (0.07, 0.55)

  1. Hazard ratios (HR) indicates the ratio of malaria hazard rates associated with a ten-fold increase in baseline antibody level