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Table 3 Molecular findings

From: Clinical trials of artesunate plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Afghanistan: maintained efficacy a decade after introduction

Study

Trial 1

Trial 2

Trial 3

Total

 

Province

Jalalabad

Takhar

Faryab

Kunar

Jalalabad

Kunar

DHFR

% with mutation

 A16 V

32/0

3/0

2/0

7/0

71/0

49/0

164/0

0

 N51I

32/0

3/0

2/0

7/0

71/0

49/0

164/0

0

 C59R

2/30

0/3

0/2

0/7

5/66

2/47

9/155

94.5

 S108 N

0/32

0/3

0/2

0/7

0/71

0/49

0/164

100.0

 I164L

32/0

3/0

2/0

7/0

70/0

49/0

163/0

0

DHPS

 S436A

43/0

6/0

2/0

9/0

83/0

53/1

196/1

0.5

 A437G

38/3

6/0

1/1a

4/4

80/3

50/4

179/15

7.7

 K540E

42/1

6/0

2/0

5/4

83/0

52/0

190/5

2.6

 A581G

40/3

6/0

1/1

5/4

34/0

47/7

133/15

10.1

 A613S

43/0

6/0

2/0

9/0

34/0

54/0

148/0

0

DHFR haplotype

Proportion (%)

 ANCNI

2

   

5

2

9

5.5

 ANRNI

30

3

2

7

65

47

154

94.5

DHPS haplotype

 SAKAA

38

6

1

4

34

41

124

86.7

 SAKGA

     

6

6

4.2

 SGEGA

1

  

4

  

5

3.5

 SGKAA

1

    

3

4

2.8

 SGKGA

1

    

1

2

1.4

 SSKGA

  

1

   

1

0.7

 AAKAA

     

1

1

0.7

  1. Number of wild-type/mutant samples at five resistance loci in each of the dhfr and dhps genes, and resulting haplotypes (with mutations in italics). Results indicating mixed wild-type/mutant alleles were counted as mutations. Only haplotypes in which all five loci were successfully determined are described
  2. aOne sample had the dhps A437S mutation