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Table 4 Summary of inconclusive results when the 18s-rRNA species-specific primers are used for malaria diagnosis

From: Human malaria diagnosis using a single-step direct-PCR based on the Plasmodium cytochrome oxidase III gene

Location

Proportion of inconsistent species-specific identification over total predicted positives for genus (%)

Source material (DNA extraction method)

References

Cambodia

12/256 (4.7)a

Blood spots (commercial kit and instagene)

[19]

Tanzania

21/76 (27.6)b

Whole blood (commercial kit)

[41]

Brazil

13/34 (38)c

Whole blood (commercial kit)

[43]

Malaysia

3/46 (6.5)a

Blood spots (chelex)

[14]

Bangladesh

2/97 (2)a

Blood spots (direct PCR) and (instagene-chelex)

[17]

Nigeria

37/285 (13)d

Blood spots (commercial kit)

[21]

  1. a 18s-rRNA genus were positive but no species identified by nested PCR
  2. b The genus diagnostic was based on mitochondrial DNA while specie-specific diagnosis targeted the 18s rRNA
  3. c 13 samples were tested by quadruplicate with species-specific primers without reproducible results
  4. d Results from P. falciparum specific primers (rFAL1/rFAL2) were compared against composite reference results