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Fig. 4 | Malaria Journal

Fig. 4

From: Malaria vector populations across ecological zones in Guinea Conakry and Mali, West Africa

Fig. 4

The kdr-w mutation associated with insecticide resistance is nearly fixed in the vector population. The kdr-w mutation, L1014F, in the para sodium ion channel gene is prevalent across all sites. Samples from deep forest and semi-forest sites are essentially fixed for kdr-w, while the wild-type allele still segregates in the arid and humid savannah. Consistent with directional introgression of a kdr-carrying haplotype from A. gambiae into A. coluzzii, frequency of the kdr-w allele was higher across sites in A. gambiae (0.99 in A. gambiae and 0.77 in A. coluzzii)

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