Table 1 Yearly summary of clinical, parasitological, serological and entomological markers in the study area

Longitudinal study

Homesteads/population

633/831

633/831

Homesteads with malaria

65 (10.3 %)

22 (3.5 %)

Malaria cases

112 (13.5 %)

28 (3.4 %)

Cross-sectional studies

Homesteads/population

211/779

183/797

Homesteads with positive blood films

8 (3.8 %)

2 (1.1 %)

Homesteads with positive PCR tests

31 (14.7 %)

22 (12 %)

Prevalence asymptomatic infection (microscopy), (95 % CI)

2 % (1.2–3.2)

0.2 % (0.03–0.9)

Prevalence asymptomatic infection (PCR), (95 % CI)

6.2 % (4.6–8)

3.3 % (2.2–4.8)

Seroprevalence of antibodies to AMA1, (95 % CI)

36.1 % (32.7–39.5)

20.4 % (17.7–23.4)

Seroprevalence of antibodies to MSP1-19, (95 % CI)

19.9 % (17.1–22.9)

10.5 % (8.5–12.9)

Entomological surveys

Homesteads

145

142

Homesteads with Anopheles

35 (24 %)

8 (6 %)

Range of Anopheles captured/house

0–17

0–6

Total Anopheles captured

101

15

Total An. gambiae captured

85

5

Total An. funestus captured

16

10