Table 4 Methods for controlling vector-borne diseases and their respective effects on vector abundance, survival and human contact
Disease/pest | Main vector | Chemical control | Biological control | Environmental management | Legislation | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IRS | LLINs | Repellents | Larviciding | Space spraying | Larvivorous fish | Biolarvicides | By laws, regulation | |||
Effects on elements of vectorial capacity | 1, 2, 3 | 1, 2, 3 | 3 | 1 | 1, 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Supportive regulation | |
Malaria | Anopheles spp. | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
Leishmaniasis | Phlebotomus spp. | + | + | − | − | − | − | + | + | |
Filariasis | Culex spp., Mansonia spp., Anopheles spp. | + | + | + | + | − | + | + | + | + |
Houseflies | Musca domestica | + | − | − | − | + | − | − | − | + |
Cockroaches | Periplanata spp. | + | − | − | − | − | − | − | + | − |
Bedbugs | Cimex spp. | + | + | − | − | − | − | − | + | − |
Fleas | Xenopsylla spp. | + | + | − | − | − | − | − | + | + |
Rodents | Various spp. | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | + | − |
Snails | Biomphalaria spp., Bulinus spp. | − | − | + | + | − | + | + | + | + |