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Table 2 Participant response to treatment over 28-day follow-up among participants in a therapeutic efficacy study in Machinga, Nkhotakota, and Karonga Districts in Malawi, 2014 (n = 452)

From: In vivo efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine and artesunate-amodiaquine for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Malawi, 2014

Estimate

AL

ASAQ

Total (n = 338)

Site

Total (n = 114)

Machinga (n = 112)

Nkhotakota (n = 113)

Karonga (n = 113)

Participants lost to follow-up, n (%)

35 (10.4)

14 (12.5)

15 (13.3)

6 (5.3)

16 (14)

Treatment failure, n (%)

 Early

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

 Late

72 (23.8)

22 (22.5)

31 (31.6)

19 (17.8)

3 (3.1)

  Day of failure, median (range)

21 (14, 28)

24.5 (14, 28)

21 (14, 28)

21 (14, 28)

14 (14, 21)

  Reinfection*

70 (23.1)

22 (22.5)

31 (31.6)

17 (15.9)

2 (2)

  Recrudescence

2 (0.66)

0 (0)

0 (0)

2 (1.9)

1 (1)

 Day 3 clearance,  % (95 % CI)a

99.7 (98.3–100)

99.1 (94.5–100)

100 (96.7–100)

100 (96.7–100)

100 (96.7–100)

ACPR,  % (95 % CI)b

  Uncorrected

76.2 (71–80.9)

77.6 (68–83.4)

68.4 (58.2–77.4)

82.2 (73.7–89)

96.9 (91.3–99.4)

  PCR-corrected

99.3 (97.6–99.9)

100 (96.3–100)

100 (96.3–100)

98.1 (93.4–100)

99 (94.5–100)

Kaplan–Meier survival rate on day 28, % (95 % CI)c

 Uncorrected

76.8 (72.1–81.5)

78.2 (70.2–86.3)

69 (59.9–78.1)

82.5 (75.4–89.7)

97.1 (93.9–100)

 PCR-corrected

99.3 (98.3–100)

100d

100d

98.0 (95.3–100)

99.0 (97.2–100)

  1. * Significant difference between study sites (p < 0.05)
  2. aPercent day 3 clearance was estimated only among participants still enrolled in the study on day 3
  3. bAdequate clinical and parasitologic response (ACPR) was estimated only among participants who reached a valid study endpoint
  4. cThe Kaplan–Meier cumulative survival rate estimate included all study participants who contributed person-days during the 28-day follow-up
  5. dFor Kaplan–Meier cumulative survival rates of 100 %, confidence intervals were not estimated