Table 3 Odds of an RDT-positive result by risk factor for individuals 10 years of age and older
From: Mass testing and treatment for malaria in low transmission areas in Amhara Region, Ethiopia
N (% of total population ≥ 10 years) | RDT-positive for Pv alone, Pf alone, or Pf and Pv (mixed) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % with positive RDT | Distribution of RDT-positive population (%) | Unadjusted OR (95 % CI) | Adjusted OR (95 % CI)c | ||
Individuals tested with RDT | 21,774 (100.0) | 260 | 1.2 | 100.0 | – | – |
Geography | ||||||
Kebele 1 (Berhan Chora) | 5115 (23.5) | 19 | 0.4 | 7.3 | Ref | Ref*** |
Kebele 2 (Choresa) | 2750 (12.6) | 6 | 0.2 | 2.3 | 0.59 (0.23–1.47) | 0.57 (0.21–1.52) |
Kebele 3 (Dehina Sositu) | 5140 (23.6) | 29 | 0.6 | 11.2 | 1.52 (0.85–2.72) | 1.02 (0.54–1.93) |
Kebele 4 (Kumer Aftit) | 2151 (9.9) | 115 | 5.4 | 44.2 | 15.15 (9.30–24.68) | 13.33 (7.73–23.01) |
Kebele 5 (Yeginid Lomi) | 4051 (18.6) | 73 | 1.8 | 28.1 | 4.92 (2.97–8.17) | 3.04 (1.60–5.77) |
Kebele 6 (Zengoba) | 2567 (11.8) | 18 | 0.7 | 6.9 | 1.89 (0.99–3.62) | 1.42 (0.71–2.84) |
Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||||
Sex | ||||||
Female | 11,558 (53.1) | 99 | 0.9 | 38.1 | Ref | Ref* |
Male | 10,216 (46.9) | 161 | 1.6 | 61.9 | 1.85 (1.41–2.44) | 1.42 (1.04–1.93) |
Age (years) | ||||||
10–14 | 4224 (19.4) | 58 | 1.4 | 22.3 | Ref | Ref*** |
15–19 | 3323 (15.3) | 44 | 1.3 | 16.9 | 0.96 (0.70–1.33) | 0.81 (0.51–1.28) |
20–29 | 5045 (23.2) | 91 | 1.8 | 35.0 | 1.32 (0.89–1.97) | 1.10 (0.69–1.74) |
30–39 | 3647 (16.8) | 29 | 0.8 | 11.2 | 0.58 (0.42–0.80) | 0.39 (0.22–0.72) |
40–49 | 2404 (11.0) | 22 | 0.9 | 8.5 | 0.66 (0.44–0.99) | 0.52 (0.28–0.97) |
50–59 | 1535 (7.1) | 9 | 0.6 | 3.5 | 0.42 (0.20–0.90) | 0.34 (0.15–0.77) |
≥60 | 1596 (7.3) | 7 | 0.4 | 2.7 | 0.32 (0.14–0.71) | 0.32 (0.13–0.80) |
Occupation | ||||||
No occupation | 1063 (4.9) | 14 | 1.3 | 5.4 | Ref | Ref |
Migrant labourer | 156 (0.7) | 8 | 5.1 | 3.1 | 4.05 (2.02–8.12) | 2.46 (0.84–7.21) |
Farmer | 12,484 (57.3) | 136 | 1.1 | 52.3 | 0.83 (0.47–1.44) | 1.53 (0.81–2.90) |
Student | 5103 (23.4) | 69 | 1.4 | 26.5 | 1.03 (0.56–1.90) | 1.39 (0.67–2.87) |
Housework | 2661 (12.2) | 30 | 1.1 | 11.5 | 0.85 (0.40–1.81) | 1.01 (0.49–2.09) |
Other | 307 (1.4) | 3 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 0.74 (0.11–4.76) | 0.83 (0.21–3.21) |
Education | ||||||
None | 13,653 (62.7) | 141 | 1.0 | 54.2 | Ref | Ref |
Primary school | 6666 (30.6) | 90 | 1.4 | 34.6 | 1.31 (0.91–1.90) | 1.05 (0.71–1.57) |
Secondary school or higher | 1455 (6.7) | 29 | 2.0 | 11.2 | 1.95 (1.07–3.54) | 1.09 (0.65–1.84) |
Malaria risk factors | ||||||
Vector controla | ||||||
No mosquito net or IRS | 4874 (22.4) | 62 | 1.3 | 23.9 | Ref | Ref*** |
Mosquito net and no IRS | 5797 (26.6) | 81 | 1.4 | 31.2 | 1.10 (0.33–3.67) | 0.81 (0.52–1.24) |
IRS and no mosquito net | 2450 (11.3) | 35 | 1.4 | 13.5 | 1.12 (0.29–4.36) | 0.70 (0.42–1.19) |
Mosquito net and IRS | 8653 (39.7) | 82 | 1.0 | 31.5 | 0.74 (0.21–2.63) | 0.40 (0.26–0.61) |
Spent ≥1 night away from home in last month | ||||||
No | 21,355 (98.1) | 232 | 1.1 | 89.2 | Ref | Ref*** |
Yes | 419 (1.9) | 28 | 6.7 | 10.8 | 6.52 (2.56–16.63) | 6.07 (2.48–14.81) |
Febrileb | ||||||
No | 20,430 (93.8) | 156 | 0.8 | 60.0 | Ref | Ref*** |
Yes | 1344 (6.2) | 104 | 7.7 | 40.0 | 10.90 (4.60–25.85) | 10.77 (7.93–14.62) |
Took antimalarial drugs in last 2 weeks | ||||||
No | 21,742 (99.9) | 253 | 1.2 | 97.3 | Ref | Ref*** |
Yes | 32 (0.1) | 7 | 21.9 | 2.7 | 23.78 (9.52–59.41) | 9.83 (3.35–28.81) |
>1 RDT-positive individual in household | ||||||
No | 21,578 (99.1) | 195 | 0.9 | 75.0 | Ref | Ref*** |
Yes | 196 (0.9) | 65 | 33.2 | 25.0 | 54.41 (30.82–96.06) | 26.57 (17.66–39.97) |
≥1 individual in household spent ≥ 1 night away from home in the last month | ||||||
No | 20,470 (94.0) | 222 | 1.1 | 85.4 | Ref | Ref |
Yes | 1304 (6.0) | 38 | 2.9 | 14.6 | 2.74 (1.17–6.39) | 0.94 (0.44–2.02) |