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Table 3 Comparison of the frequency of dhfr gene haplotypes in four sentinel sites in 2011

From: High efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine and declining efficacy of artesunate + sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine against Plasmodium falciparum in Sudan (2010–2015): evidence from in vivo and molecular marker studies

Number of mutations

Mutation haplotype

KASSALA N = 79

GEDAREF N = 96

SENNAR N = 98

KOSTI N = 92

p value*

None

dhfr wild type

2 (2.5 %)

2 (2.1 %)

4 (4.1 %)

7 (7.6 %)

0.27

Double

N51I, S108 N

73 (92.4 %)

67 (69.8 %)

87 (88.8 %)

78 (84.9 %)

<0.001

N51I, C59R

0

1 (1.0 %)

0

1 (1.0 %)

 

Triple

N51I, C59R, S108 N

4 (5.1 %)

26** (27.1 %)

7 (7.1)

6 (6.5 %)

<0.001

  1. * Fisher’s exact test
  2. ** Significantly higher than Kassala (Fisher’s exact p = 0.0001), Kosti (Fisher’s exact p = 0.0002) and Sennar (Fisher’s exact p = 0.0002)