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Table 1 Study definitions

From: Integrated community case management and community-based health planning and services: a cross sectional study on the effectiveness of the national implementation for the treatment of malaria, diarrhoea and pneumonia

Definitions

HBC [16]

CHPS [53]

Malaria

All fever cases when no laboratory tests are available

All fever cases when no laboratory tests are available or when malaria test was positive

General danger signs

Vomiting, convulsions, unconscious or not breastfeeding

Vomiting, convulsions, unconscious or not breastfeeding

Severe malaria signs

Little or no urine, dark coloured urine, marked jaundice or abnormal bleeding

Little or no urine, dark coloured urine, marked jaundice or abnormal bleeding

Appropriate treatment of malaria

Children aged 6 months to 5 years diagnosed with malaria receiving 3 days of ACT

If more than 7 days with fever, general danger signs or severe malaria signs, child must be referred with rectal artesunate

Children aged 2 months to 5 years diagnosed with malaria receiving 3 days of ACT

If more than 7 days with fever, general danger signs or severe malaria signs, child must be referred with IM quinine, IM or EV or rectal artesunate plus an IM dose of chloramphenicol

Prompt treatment of malaria

Malaria cases that received an antimalarial drug in within the first 24 h of the onset of symptoms

Malaria cases that received an antimalarial drug in within the first 24 h of the onset of symptoms

Diarrhoea

Three or more loose or watery stools in a 24-h period

Three or more loose or watery stools in a 24-h period

Appropriate treatment of diarrhoea

Children older than 6 months with diarrhoea of less than 7 days that receive ORS and zinc for 14 days

If the child is less than 6 months, had diarrhoea for 7 days or more, blood in stools or is dehydrated, he/she should be referred with ORS

Children with diarrhoea of less than 14 days receiving ORS and zinc for 14 days

If diarrhoea for 14 days or more, blood in stools or is severely dehydrated, he/she should be referred to hospital with ORS

ARI or suspected pneumonia

Cough with fast or difficult breathinga

Cough with fast or difficult breathingb

Severe pneumonia

Noisy breathing or chest in-drawing

Noisy breathing or chest in-drawing

Appropriate treatment for suspected pneumonia

Children older than 6 months with cough and fast or difficult breathing of less than 7 days receiving amoxicillin for 5 days

If the child is less than 6 months or had symptoms for 7 days or more, he/she should be referred

If there are signs of severe pneumonia, he/she should be referred with amoxicillin

Children older than 2 months with cough and fast or difficult breathing of less than 14 days receiving amoxicillin or cotrimoxazole for 5 days

If the child is less than 2 month or had symptoms for 14 days or more, he/she should be referred

If there are signs of severe pneumonia, he/she should be referred with IM chloramphenicol

  1. aARI timers are available in the Northern Region under the iCCM strategy to help diagnose suspected pneumonia. If severe pneumonia is suspected, the child must be referred to a CHPS compound or a Health Centre
  2. bNurses at CHPS compounds do not have ARI timers. The diagnosis is made based on clinical signs. If a severe pneumonia case is suspected, the children must be referred to a higher level of health facility. Some district hospitals, all regional hospitals and teaching hospitals have X-Rays to help diagnose pneumonia. Health centres, district hospitals, regional hospitals and teaching hospitals have laboratory facilities to help diagnose malaria, diarrhoea and pneumonia