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Table 2 Plasmodium falciparum qPCR results, estimated parasite density and polygenomic infections, four sites in Mali

From: Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum in human malaria cases in Mali

 

Rharous

Bamako

Doneguebougou

Bougoula

P value

Total

    

 Positive qPCR for P. falciparum (%)

44/149 (30)

23/249 (9)

44/100 (44)

45/149 (30)

<0.0001

 Polygenomic infectionsd (%)

11/30 (37)

9/22 (41)

21/30 (70)

25/30 (83)

<0.0001

 Mean MOIc

1.4e

1.5f

1.9

2.06

<0.001

 Mean estimated parasitaemia ± SDb (parasites/µL blood)

4397 ± 8127

5348 ± 5209

2942 ± 5863

8755 ± 24,395

0.061

Individuals with fevera

    

 Positive qPCR for P. falciparum (%)

22/44 (50)

13/38 (34)

6/8 (75)

12/18 (66)

0.051

 Polygenomic infectionsd (%)

9/16 (56)

5/13 (38)

3/5 (60)

6/8 (75)

<0.0001

 Mean MOIc

1.62

1.46

1.6

1.75

0.72

 Mean estimated parasitaemia ± SDb (parasites/µL blood)

7335 ± 10639

6916 ± 5934

9063 ± 12,318

5731 ± 9192

0.86

Apyretic individualsa

    

 Positive qPCR for P. falciparum (%)

20/93 (21)

10/211 (5)

38/91 (42)

32/131 (24)

<0.0001

 Polygenomic infectionsd (%)

2/14 (14)

4/9 (44)

18/25 (72)

19/22 (86)

<0.0001

 Mean MOIc

1.14

1.55

1.96

2.18

<0.0001

 Mean estimated parasitaemia ± SDb (parasites/µL blood)

1368 ± 2066

3311 ± 3348

1976 ± 3523

10148 ± 28,407

<0.01

  1. Differences in the denominator are due to missing data (n = 14 missing axillary temperature data)
  2. Statistically significant results are indicated in italic
  3. aFever: axillary temperature ≥37.5 °C and apyretic: axillary temperature <37.5 °C
  4. bEstimation of parasite densities: [(copy number of the gene in 1 µL of DNA) × (100/125)]. Assuming that each genome of P. falciparum has five copies of the 18S rRNA gene [28], that blood volume spotted onto filter papers was 25 µL (half filter paper) and that extracted DNA was eluted into 100 µL
  5. cMOI was calculated based on complete genotypes
  6. MOI calculated in each site = ∑(maximum number alleles for a given sample) ÷ ∑(genotyped samples)
  7. dPolygenomic infections are defined as individuals infected by ≥2 distinct parasite genotypes
  8. eStatistically significant compared with Doneguebougou and Bougoula
  9. fStatistically significant compared with Bougoula