Identifying risk factors for Plasmodium infection and anaemia in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

Ferrari, Giovanfrancesco; Ntuku, Henry M. T.; Ross, Amanda; Schmidlin, Sandro; Kalemwa, Didier M.; Tshefu, Antoinette K.; Lengeler, Christian

doi:10.1186/s12936-016-1412-5

Malaria Journal

Table 3 Univariate and multivariable analysis of risk factors associated with malaria in individuals aged >5 years in Kinshasa, stratified by malaria transmission zone, 2011

From: Identifying risk factors for Plasmodium infection and anaemia in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

			Ngiri Ngiri: 0.8 % prevalence								Selembao: 26.8 % prevalence						Interaction by transmission zone
			Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis					Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis			Interaction by transmission zone
Variable	n	(%)	OR	95 % CI	p value	OR	95 % CI	p value	n	(%)	OR	95 % CI	p value	OR	95 % CI	p value	p value
Sex
Male	142	5.6	1.0			1.0			143	28.7	1.0			1.0
Female	257	4.3	0.75	0.29–1.91	0.548	0.74	0.23–2.37	0.616	274	20.1	0.62	0.39–1.00	0.050	0.66	0.40–1.08	0.102	0.733
Age
5–9 years	62	4.8	1.0			1.0			76	34.2	1.0			1.0
10–14 years	68	1.5	0.29	0.03–2.90		0.22	0.01–3.39		68	25.0	0.64	0.31–1.32		0.79	0.37–1.72
15–19 years	48	14.6	3.36	0.82–13.75		7.11	1.17–43.05		46	28.3	0.76	0.34–1.68		0.85	0.37–1.96
>20	221	3.6	0.74	0.19–2.87	0.022	1.09	0.21–5.72	0.009	227	17.6	0.41	0.23–0.74	0.021	0.45	0.24–0.83	0.042	0.105
Reported treated bed net use
No	244	6.1	1.0			1.0			315	25.7	1.0			1.0
Yes	155	2.6	0.40	0.13–1.24	0.089	0.33	0.09–1.21	0.075	102	14.7	0.50	0.27–0.91	0.017	0.57	0.30–1.09	0.078	0.746
Fever in the last two weeks
No	366	2.2	1.0			1.0			361	21.6	1.0			1.0
Yes	33	33.3	22.38	8.17–61.27	<0.001	38.71	11.08–135.23	< 0.001	54	33.3	1.81	0.98–3.37	0.066	2.05	1.07–3.95	0.036	<0.001
Education of the respondent
No education	8	12.5	1.0			1.0			35	34.3	1.0			1.0
Primary	120	5.0	0.37	0.04–3.50		0.18	0.01–2.49		186	26.9	0.70	0.33–1.52		0.82	0.36–1.87
Secondary	189	4.8	0.35	0.04–3.16		0.27	0.02–3.48		145	18.6	0.44	0.19–0.99		0.49	0.20–1.19
Superior and above	82	3.7	0.27	0.02–2.91	0.802	0.17	0.01–2.87	0.647	51	13.7	0.30	0.11–0.88	0.041	0.32	0.09–1.13	0.115	0.865
Occupation of the respondent
Without occupation	244	5.7	1.0			1.0			200	26.0	1.0			1.0
Manual labourer	37	2.7	0.46	0.06–3.58		0.82	0.09–7.91		64	23.4	0.87	0.45–1.68		1.17	0.58–2.37
Self employed	27	3.7	0.63	0.08–5.00		1.33	0.13–13.64		56	16.1	0.55	0.25–1.19	0.398	0.56	0.24–1.28	0.425
Employed	91	3.3	0.56	0.16–2.00	0.696	0.59	0.11–3.20	0.913	97	20.6	0.74	0.41–1.33		1.12	0.56–2.23		0.911
Wealth tertile
Poorest and middle^a	162	4.9	1.0			1.0			201	25.4	1.0			1.0
Wealthiest	237	4.6	0.94	0.37–2.38	0.891	1.31	0.18–9.64	0.618	99	19.2	0.74	0.42–1.30	0.293	0.91	0.48–1.73	0.779	0.676

^aCombined due to low number of observations

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