Identifying risk factors for Plasmodium infection and anaemia in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

Ferrari, Giovanfrancesco; Ntuku, Henry M. T.; Ross, Amanda; Schmidlin, Sandro; Kalemwa, Didier M.; Tshefu, Antoinette K.; Lengeler, Christian

doi:10.1186/s12936-016-1412-5

Malaria Journal

Table 4 Univariate and multivariable analysis of risk factors associated with anaemia in children between 6 and 59 months of age Kinshasa, stratified by malaria transmission zone, 2011

From: Identifying risk factors for Plasmodium infection and anaemia in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

Variable	<10 %								>10 %								Interaction by transmission zone
	n	(%)	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis			n	(%)	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis			Interaction by transmission zone
	n	(%)	OR	95 % CI	p value	OR	95 % CI	p value	n	(%)	OR	95 % CI	p value	OR	95 % CI	p value	p value
Sex
Male	521	55.5	1.0			1.0			1161	69.0	1.0			1.0
Female	526	59.7	1.19	0.93–1.52	0.167	1.21	0.93–1.58	0.160	1142	66.5	0.89	0.75–1.07	0.210	0.93	0.77–1.12	0.355	0.064
Age (months)
6–35	445	73.0	1.0			1.0			957	80.6	1.0			1.0
36–47	416	50.5	0.38	0.28–0.50		0.38	0.28–0.51		873	61.6	0.39	0.31–0.48		0.35	0.28–0.43
48–59	186	36.6	0.21	0.15–0.31	<0.001	0.19	0.13–0.28	<0.001	473	53.3	0.28	0.22–0.35	< 0.001	0.23	0.18–0.29	<0.001	0.473
Education of the respondent
No education	24	70.8	1.0			1.0			220	75.0	1.0			1.0
Primary	390	62.1	0.67	0.27–1.66		0.64	0.24–1.70		1135	69.4	0.76	0.54–1.05		0.83	0.58–1.20
Secondary	471	57.7	0.56	0.23–1.38		0.57	0.21–1.50		740	64.9	0.62	0.44–0.86		0.78	0.53–1.15
Superior and above	162	44.4	0.33	0.13–0.84	<0.001	0.35	0.13–0.99	0.037	208	61.5	0.53	0.35–0.81	0.004	0.80	0.49–1.31	0.629	0.412
Occupation of the respondent
Without occupation	720	60.7	1.0			1.0			1523	68.8	1.0			1.0
Manual labourer	86	39.5	0.42	0.27–0.67		0.41	0.25–0.68		212	69.3	1.03	0.75–1.40		0.97	0.69–1.36
Self–employed	104	60.6	1.00	0.65–1.52		1.03	0.65–1.63		275	65.1	0.85	0.64–1.11		0.77	0.58–1.03		0.010
Employed	137	50.4	0.66	0.46–0.95	<0.001	0.94	0.61–1.44	0.005	293	63.8	0.80	0.62–1.04	0.268	0.92	0.68–1.24	0.313
Net use
No	446	57.2	1.0			1.0			1341	68.3	1.0			1.0
Yes	595	57.5	1.01	0.79–1.30	0.922	0.91	0.70–1.20	0.515	962	67.0	0.94	0.79–1.13	0.524	1.09	0.90–1.32	0.512	0.653
Malaria infection
No	1017	57.3	1.0			1.0			1762	63.1	1.0			1.0
Yes	30	66.7	1.49	0.69–3.21	0.302	2.01	0.89–4.51	0.078	540	83.1	2.89	2.26–3.69	<0.001	3.40	2.60–4.44	<0.001	0.119
Fever in the last 2 weeks
No	798	54.6	1.0			1.0			1744	65.0	1.0			1.0
Yes	244	66.4	1.64	1.22–2.21	<0.001	1.30	0.93–1.80	0.197	559	76.4	1.74	1.40–2.17	< 0.001	1.32	1.04–1.67	0.039	0.755
Wealth tertile
Poorest	196	62.2	1.0			1.0			1176	72.9	1.0			1.0
Middle	298	65.8	1.17	0.80–1.70	0.423	1.14	0.76–1.71		574	64.1	0.66	0.54–0.82	0.000	0.78	0.62–0.99
Wealthiest	545	51.9	0.66	0.47–0.92	0.013	0.68	0.47–0.99	0.003	540	60.7	0.58	0.46–0.71	0.000	0.77	0.60–0.99	0.073	0.022

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