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Table 1 Summary of data included in the analysis

From: Diagnosis and treatment based on quantitative PCR after controlled human malaria infection

 

Year

Number of volunteers

CPS-immunization

Patent parasitemia

Pre-patent perioda

References

Median

Range

Study 1

2007

10

3 × 12–15 mosquitoes

0/10

Roestenberg et al. [13]

5

5/5

9

7–10.5

Study 2b

2007

18

18/18

10.5

9–12.5

 

Study 3

2009

6

3 × 12–15 mosquitoesc

2/6

16.8

15–18.6

Roestenberg et al. [14]

4

4/4

8.5

7.5–10.5

Study 4

2010

5

4/5

10.6

10.6–11

Teirlinck et al. [15]

Study 5

2011

5

3 × 15 mosquitoes

1/5

12

Bijker et al. [12]

9

3 × 10 mosquitoes

1/9

12

10

3 × 5 mosquitoes

5/10

11

9–15

5

5/5

9.5

9–13.5

Study 6

2011

5

3 × 15 mosquitoes

0/5

Bijker et al. [10]

5

5/5

12.5

9.5–12.5

Study 7

2012

15

3 × 8 mosquitoes

5/15

12

11–14

Bijker et al. [11]

4

4/4

8.5

7–12

Study 8

2012

5

5/5

10.5

9–10.5

 

Study 9

2012

5

5/5

12

10.5–16

Bastiaens et al. [9]

  1. Data was included from all malaria naïve or CPS-immunized volunteers undergoing challenge infection with bites from five mosquitoes infected NF54 since 2007
  2. aOnly volunteers with patent parasitemia included. In all studies pre-patent period is defined as time to positive thick blood smear
  3. bVolunteers received three immunization with a candidate malaria vaccine but were unprotected from challenge infection
  4. cRechallenge of CPS-immunized volunteers from Study 1, 2.5 years after immunization and malaria naive controls