Variable | Levels | Bura irrigation | Ijara pastoral | Proportion test | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | p value* | ||
Respondent’s sex | Male | 62 | 54.4 | 140 | 63.6 | 0.10 |
Female | 52 | 45.6 | 80 | 36.4 | 0.10 | |
Occupation of household head | Farmer | 91 | 79.8 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 |
Pastoralist | 31 | 27.2 | 193 | 87.7 | 0.00 | |
Small business | 4 | 3.5 | 9 | 4.1 | 0.80 | |
Casual labour | 2 | 1.8 | 3 | 1.4 | 0.78 | |
Animal kept within compound | Yes | 108 | 94.7 | 202 | 91.8 | 0.33 |
No | 6 | 5.3 | 18 | 8.2 | 0.33 | |
Main floor material | Earth | 108 | 94.7 | 198 | 90.0 | 0.14 |
Cement | 6 | 5.3 | 13 | 5.91 | 0.81 | |
Main roof material | Iron sheets | 72 | 63.2 | 17 | 7.73 | 0.00 |
Grass | 30 | 26.3 | 179 | 81.4 | 0.00 | |
Others such as nylon papers, clothes, no roof | 12 | 10.5 | 24 | 10.9 | 0.91 | |
Main wall material | Mud and wood | 61 | 53.5 | 4 | 1.8 | 0.00 |
Grass | 22 | 19.3 | 148 | 67.3 | 0.00 | |
Stone with cement | 9 | 7.9 | 7 | 3.2 | 0.06 | |
Cane/trunks | 4 | 3.5 | 35 | 15.9 | 0.00 | |
Others like bricks, stone with mud and wood planks/shingles | 8 | 7.0 | 26 | 11.8 | 0.17 | |
Main water source | Water canals | 80 | 70.2 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 |
Dams | 27 | 23.7 | 127 | 57.7 | 0.00 | |
Protected well | 3 | 2.6 | 15 | 6.8 | 0.11 | |
Water tankers | 3 | 2.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.02 | |
Water pans | 0 | 0.0 | 44 | 20.0 | 0.00 | |
Heard of malaria | Yes | 114 | 100.0 | 217 | 98.6 | 0.21 |
No | 0 | 0.0 | 3 | 1.4 | 0.21 | |
Cause of malaria | Mosquito bites | 109 | 95.6 | 215 | 97.7 | 0.28 |
Dirty home surroundings | 11 | 9.7 | 29 | 13.2 | 0.35 | |
Stagnant water | 7 | 6.1 | 79 | 35.9 | 0.00 | |
Taking dirty water | 11 | 9.7 | 28 | 12.7 | 0.42 | |
Others such as dam water, long rains, eating raw food and cold/wet weather | 14 | 12.3 | 51 | 23.2 | 0.02 | |
Malaria transmission | Infectious mosquito bites | 35 | 30.7 | 9 | 4.1 | 0.00 |
Contact with sick person | 4 | 3.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.01 | |
Others like taking contaminated water | 2 | 1.8 | 3 | 1.4 | 0.78 | |
Not transmitted | 73 | 64.0 | 208 | 94.6 | 0.00 | |
Malaria symptoms | Fever | 100 | 87.7 | 213 | 96.8 | 0.00 |
Headache | 86 | 75.4 | 139 | 63.2 | 0.02 | |
Muscle and joint pain | 57 | 50.0 | 84 | 38.2 | 0.04 | |
Chills/shivering | 53 | 46.5 | 163 | 74.1 | 0.00 | |
Vomiting | 51 | 44.7 | 108 | 49.1 | 0.45 | |
Body weakness/fatigue | 46 | 40.4 | 87 | 39.6 | 0.89 | |
Loss of appetite | 38 | 33.3 | 109 | 49.6 | 0.00 | |
Access to a health facility | Yes | 110 | 96.5 | 200 | 90.9 | 0.06 |
No | 4 | 3.5 | 20 | 9.1 | 0.06 | |
Distance to the nearest health facility | ≤5 km | 57 | 50.0 | 120 | 54.5 | 0.43 |
>5 km | 57 | 50.0 | 100 | 45.5 | 0.43 | |
Action taken within 1 day of malaria symptoms | Taken to hospital | 22 | 29.3 | 30 | 34.1 | 0.38 |
AL self-medication at home | 15 | 20.0 | 3 | 3.4 | 0.00 | |
Paracetamol self-medication | 14 | 18.7 | 11 | 12.5 | 0.13 | |
Nothing | 13 | 17.3 | 19 | 21.6 | 0.36 | |
Drugs taken | AL | 53 | 46.5 | 28 | 12.7 | 0.00 |
Paracetamol | 28 | 24.6 | 19 | 8.6 | 0.00 | |
Quinine | 17 | 14.9 | 11 | 5.0 | 0.00 | |
Fansidar | 8 | 7.0 | 36 | 16.4 | 0.02 | |
Source of health care | Government health facility | 88 | 77.2 | 196 | 89.1 | 0.00 |
Private health facility | 22 | 19.3 | 3 | 1.4 | 0.00 | |
No health care | 4 | 3.5 | 20 | 9.1 | 0.06 | |
Main source of drugs taken at home | Pharmacy/chemist | 18 | 69.2 | 12 | 46.2 | 0.00 |
Ordinary shops | 5 | 19.2 | 11 | 42.3 | 0.00 | |
Malaria prevention/control | Use of mosquito nets | 108 | 94.7 | 158 | 71.8 | 0.00 |
Clearing of bushes and vegetation around houses and canals | 18 | 15.8 | 51 | 23.2 | 0.11 | |
Draining/leveling of breeding sites around house | 16 | 14.0 | 43 | 19.6 | 0.21 | |
Indoor residual spraying | 6 | 5.3 | 4 | 1.8 | 0.08 | |
Taking drugs | 5 | 4.4 | 139 | 63.2 | 0.00 | |
Lighting fires and mosquito coils | 4 | 3.5 | 18 | 8.2 | 0.10 | |
All members used mosquito net last night | Yes | 99 | 86.8 | 39 | 17.7 | 0.00 |
No | 15 | 13.2 | 181 | 82.3 | 0.00 | |
Sources of mosquito nets | Government health centre | 75 | 65.8 | 31 | 14.1 | 0.00 |
Government campaigns | 27 | 23.7 | 8 | 3.6 | 0.00 | |
Non-governmental organizations | 15 | 15.8 | 7 | 3.2 | 0.00 | |
Retail shops | 9 | 7.9 | 67 | 30.5 | 0.00 | |
Chemists | 3 | 3.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | |
Private clinics | 2 | 2.4 | 5 | 2.4 | 0.99 | |
Indoor residual sprays in the last 12 months | Yes | 33 | 29.0 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.00 |
No | 81 | 71.0 | 219 | 99.5 | 0.00 |