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Table 3 Residues of agrochemicals in both anopheles breeding sites’ water and soil sediments in rice cultivation area in Tiassalé, and vegetable area in Dabou, South Côte d’Ivoire

From: Influence of the agrochemicals used for rice and vegetable cultivation on insecticide resistance in malaria vectors in southern Côte d’Ivoire

 

Deltaméthrin (pyrethroids)

Chorpyriphos ethyl

Carbofuran (carbamate)

Glyphosate (herbicide)

Atrazine (herbicide)

Carbendazim (fungicide)

Breeding water

Soil sediment

Breeding water

Soil sediment

Breeding water

Soil sediment

Breeding water

Soil sediment

Breeding water

Soil sediment

Breeding water

Soil sediment

mg/l

mg/kg

mg/l

mg/kg

mg/l

mg/kg

mg/l

mg/kg

mg/l

mg/kg

mg/l

mg/kg

Tiassalé 1

0.03 ± 0.002

0.02 ± 0.004

0.09 ± 0.004

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

Tiassalé 2

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

0.03 ± 0.002

2.71 ± 0.04

ND

ND

Tiassalé 3

ND

ND

0.93 ± 0.03

ND

0.02 ± 0.006

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

0.02 ± 0.003

Dabou 1

ND

0.011 ± 0.02

0.17 ± 0.04

ND

0.03 ± 0.002

0.04 ± 0.002

ND

ND

0.72 ± 0.02

ND

0.01 ± 0.005

0.04 ± 0.005

Dabou 2

ND

ND

0.23 ± 0.05

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

2.31 ± 0.004

ND

ND

Dabou 3

ND

ND

0.15 ± 0.04

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

LOD

0.008

0.007

0.007

0.005

0.006

0.003

0.005

0.012

0.006

0.008

0.005

0.002

LOQ

0.024

0.01

0.021

0.015

0.018

0.009

0.015

0.036

0.018

0.024

0.008

0.011

  1. LOD limit of detection; LOQ limit of quantification; ND not detected