Fig. 4

Liraglutide has minor effects on Plasmodium falciparum growth and metabolism in vitro. Plasmodium falciparum parasites were cultured for 48 h in the presence of increasing doses of liraglutide (Lira: 0.1–100 μg/mL) in a 96-well plates for parasitaemia measurements or b–h 24-well plates for metabolite measurements. Media including drug doses were exchanged after 24 h. Parasitaemia was enumerated with flow cytometry and metabolites were measured in ABL. Data is presented as dot plot with mean + SEM (96-well cultures (a): vehicle n = 5, Lira 0.1–100 ng/mL: n = 10, Artesunate n = 3; 24-well cultures (b); vehicle n = 6, Lira 0.1 ng/mL: n = 3, Lira 1–100 ng/mL: n = 4, Artesunate n = 2; Metabolism (c–h: Media: n = 3, uninfected erythrocytes (uRBCs): n = 4; vehicle: n = 4; Lira 0.1, 1 ng/mL: n = 2; Lira 10–100 ng/mL: n = 4)