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Table 3 The effects of the universal coverage campaign (UCC) of ITNs and the use of bed nets on childhood malaria in Malawi

From: The effectiveness of a nationwide universal coverage campaign of insecticide-treated bed nets on childhood malaria in Malawi

Year/period

Intervention

Level of analysis

Malaria outcomes

RR (95 % CI)

p value

Control (n)

Treatment (n)

negative

Positive

Negative

Positive

2012 vs 2014

UCC of ITNs

Overall

1359

381

1205

401

1.14 (1.00–1.29)

0.036*

2012 vs 2014

UCC of ITNs

Rural

898

373

779

358

1.07 (0.95–1.21)

0.254**

2012 vs 2014

UCC of ITNs

Urban

454

59

373

37

0.78 (0.53–1.16)

0.223**

2014

Bed net use

Overall

313

115

682

224

0.92 (0.76–1.12)

0.399**

2014

Bed net use

Rural

227

100

448

197

1.00 (0.82–1.22)

0.990**

2014

Bed net use

Urban

96

5

110

7

1.21 (0.40–3.69)

0.740**

2012

Bed net use

Overall

465

164

719

200

0.83 (0.70–1.00)

0.049*

2012

Bed net use

Rural

304

140

451

168

0.86 (0.71–1.04)

0.119**

2012

Bed net use

Urban

156

29

121

11

0.53 (0.28–1.03)

0.060*

  1. RR risk ratio, ITNs insecticide-treated bed nets, CI confidence interval
  2. * Significant (p ≤ 0.05); ** non significant (p > 0.05)