Malaria burden in a birth cohort of HIV-exposed uninfected Ugandan infants living in a high malaria transmission setting

Table 1 Characteristics of study participants

Characteristic	Value (n = 361)^a
At birth
Female	167 (46.3 %)
Gestational age, weeks	38.9 (29.7–43.0)
Pre-term births^b	63 (17.5 %)
Birth weight, kg	2.9 (1.3–4.4)
Low birth weight^c	68 (19.4 %)
Maternal HIV treatment arm
Efavirenz	178 (49.3 %)
Lopinavir/ritonavir	183 (50.7 %)
Mother diagnosed with malaria during pregnancy^d	29 (8.0 %)
Placental blood
Parasites by smear^e	12 (4.0 %)
Parasites by PCR^f	25 (18.6 %)
Placental tissue histopathology ^g
Parasites and pigment	14 (4.5 %)
Parasites only	7 (2.2 %)
Pigment only	81 (25.9 %)
No parasite or pigment	206 (66.0 %)
During follow-up
Total follow-up time, person-years	305
Incidence of febrile illnesses, episodes per person-year	5.12
Incidence of malaria, episodes per person-year	0.83
Routine smear showed parasites (n = 1568 blood smears)^h	19 (1.2 %)

^aData are n (%) or median (range) and apply to full cohort unless otherwise specified
^bPre-term birth: born at <37 weeks gestation
^cLow birth weight: <2.5 kg
^dOne or more malaria episodes
^eAmong the 302 who had placental blood smears performed
^fAmong the 291 who had placental blood polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for malaria parasites performed
^gAmong the 312 who had placenta histopathology studies
^hAmong the 1568 routine smears examined

ISSN: 1475-2875