Increasing insecticide resistance in Anopheles funestus and Anopheles arabiensis in Malawi, 2011–2015

Malaria Journal

Table 2 Model table for An. funestus mortality in WHO susceptibility tests when exposed to deltamethrin, permethrin, bendiocarb, propoxur or DDT

Parameter	Level	Risk ratio	Lower CL	Upper CL	Z	Prob (Z)
Deltamethrin
Intercept		1.058	0.817	1.369	0.426	0.670
Year		0.549	0.458	0.657	−6.538	<0.001
Cumulative IRS		1.380	0.994	1.917	1.925	0.054
Net ownership	1 = High	1.272	0.737	2.195	0.864	0.388
Previous year	2 = Low	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
Permethrin
Intercept		3.267	2.456	4.347	8.127	<0.001
Year		0.541	0.466	0.628	−8.086	<0.001
Cumulative IRS		1.122	0.836	1.506	0.769	0.442
Net ownership	1 = High	0.754	0.487	1.169	−1.261	0.207
Previous year	2 = Low	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
Bendiocarb
Intercept		2.429	1.346	4.382	2.946	0.003
Year		0.410	0.327	0.514	−7.736	<0.001
Cumulative IRS		1.202	0.929	1.555	1.396	0.163
Net ownership	1 = High	1.680	0.862	3.275	1.524	0.128
Previous year	2 = Low	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
Propoxur
Intercept		51.025	12.451	209.101	5.464	<0.001
Year		0.102	0.042	0.245	−5.106	<0.001
Cumulative IRS		0.982	0.299	3.225	−0.030	0.976
Net ownership	1 = High	0.509	0.088	2.955	−0.753	0.452
Previous year	2 = Low	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
DDT
Intercept		23.061	6.447	82.487	4.826	<0.001
Year		0.885	0.618	1.265	−0.671	0.502
Cumulative IRS		0.601	0.219	1.652	−0.987	0.324
Net ownership	1 = High	0.163	0.039	0.692	−2.461	0.014
Previous year	2 = Low	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.

The probability that an individual mosquito died was modeled in a logistic regression using generalized estimating equations and adjusting for repeated measures within the same exposure tube

ISSN: 1475-2875