From: Susceptibility of Anopheles gambiae to insecticides used for malaria vector control in Rwanda
Insecticide | 2011 | 2013 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Site | N | # Replicates | Mortality (%) | N | # Replicates | Mortality (%) | χ2 value | p value | |
Lambdacyhalothrin 0.05% | Bukora | 86 | 4 | 99 ± 1 | 100 | 4 | 63 ± 5 | 51.3 | <0.001* |
 | Busoro | 82 | 4 | 100 | 200 | 8 | 72 ± 3 | 77.78 | <0.001* |
 | Karambi | 84 | 4 | 100 | 99 | 4 | 93 ± 3 | 7.53 | 0.006* |
 | Kibogora | 81 | 4 | 99 ± 1 | 100 | 4 | 85 ± 4 | 13.29 | <0.001* |
 | Kicukiro | 82 | 4 | 100 | 191 | 8 | 75 ± 3 | 64.112 | <0.001* |
 | Kivumu | 82 | 4 | 100 | 100 | 4 | 100 |  |  |
 | Mareba | 88 | 4 | 100 | 100 | 4 | 43 ± 5 | 132.1 | <0.001* |
 | Mashesha | 92 | 4 | 98 ± 1 | 94 | 4 | 87 ± 3 | 8.37 | 0.04* |
 | Mbuga | 81 | 4 | 100 | 97 | 4 | 95 ± 2 | 5.27 | 0.02* |
 | Mimuri | 85 | 4 | 100 | 100 | 4 | 57 ± 5 | 75.44 | <0.001* |
 | Mubuga | 83 | 4 | 100 | 85 | 4 | 98 ± 2 | 2.05 | 0.15 |
 | Rukara | 82 | 4 | 100 | 100 | 4 | 78 ± 4 | 28.02 | 0.000* |
Permethrin 0.75% | Bukora | 85 | 4 | 84 ± 4 | 200 | 8 | 84 ± 3 | 0.1 | 0.92 |
 | Busoro | 100 | 4 | 100 | 100 | 4 | 95 ± 2 | 5.26 | 0.02* |
 | Karambi | 88 | 4 | 91 ± 3 | 99 | 4 | 91 ± 3 | 0 | 0.98 |
 | Kibogora | 84 | 4 | 89 ± 3 | 100 | 4 | 92 ± 3 | 0.367 | 0.54 |
 | Kicukiro | 83 | 4 | 99 ± 3 | 97 | 4 | 97 ± 2 | 0.772 | 0.38 |
 | Kivumu | 80 | 4 | 100 | 100 | 4 | 100 |  |  |
 | Mareba | 92 | 4 | 99 | 100 | 4 | 63 ± 5 | 53.9 | <0.001* |
 | Mashesha | 183 | 8 | 96 ± 3 | 94 | 4 | 90 ± 3 | 3.04 | 0.08 |
 | Mbuga | 87 | 4 | 95 ± 3 | 97 | 4 | 100 |  |  |
 | Mimuri | 87 | 4 | 86 ± 4 | 100 | 4 | 66 ± 5 | 11.03 | <0.001* |
 | Mubuga | 90 | 4 | 97 ± 2 | 85 | 4 | 94 ± 3 | 0.72 | 0.39 |
 | Rukara | 86 | 4 | 84 ± 5 | 100 | 4 | 92 ± 3 | 2.95 | 0.09 |
Deltamethrin 0.05% | Bukora | 168 | 8 | 85 ± 3 | 97 | 4 | 74 ± 4 | 3.85 | 0.05 |
 | Busoro | 84 | 4 | 100 | 200 | 8 | 88 ± 2 | 28.57 | <0.001* |
 | Karambi | 82 | 4 | 99 ± 1 | 100 | 4 | 97 ± 1 | 0.72 | 0.4 |
 | Kibogora | 83 | 4 | 93 ± 3 | 97 | 4 | 89 ± 3 | 0.92 | 0.34 |
 | Kicukiro | 86 | 4 | 90 ± 3 | 194 | 4 | 82 ± 3 | 3.1 | 0.08 |
 | Kivumu | 85 | 4 | 100 | 100 | 4 | 100 |  |  |
 | Mareba | 97 | 4 | 99 | 100 | 4 | 67 ± 5 | 45.1 | <0.001* |
 | Mashesha | 99 | 4 | 99 ± 2 | 95 | 4 | 97 ± 2 | 1.22 | 0.27 |
 | Mbuga | 89 | 4 | 97 ± 2 | 86 | 4 | 100 | 2.05 | 0.15 |
 | Mimuri | 86 | 4 | 98 ± 2 | 100 | 4 | 81 ± 4 | 15.42 | <0.001* |
 | Mubuga | 90 | 4 | 99 | 90 | 4 | 98 ± 2 | 1.34 | 0.56 |
 | Rukara | 87 | 4 | 94.5 ± 2 | 100 | 4 | 90 ± 2 | 1.37 | 0.24 |
DDT 4% | Bukora | 86 | 4 | 77 ± 5 | 94 | n/a | n/a |  |  |
 | Busoro | 84 | 4 | 100 | 100 | 4 | 89 ± 3 | 12.36 | <0.001* |
 | Karambi | 86 | 4 | 95 ± 2 | 95 | 4 | 87 ± 3 | 3.8 | 0.05* |
 | Kibogora | 84 | 4 | 75 ± 2 | 0 | 4 | n/a |  |  |
 | Kicukiro | 83 | 4 | 52 ± 6 | 93 | 4 | 43 ± 5 | 1.37 | 0.242 |
 | Kivumu | 88 | 4 | 95 ± 2 | 100 | 4 | 100 | 4.2 | 0.04* |
 | Mareba | 88 | 4 | 99 | 100 | 4 | 81 ± 4 | 19.9 | <0.001* |
 | Mashesha | 94 | 4 | 88 ± 3 | 99 | 4 | 70 ± 3 | 14.07 | 0.001* |
 | Mbuga | 83 | 4 | 100 | 84 | 4 | 96 ± 2 | 3.11 | 0.08 |
 | Mimuri | 85 | 4 | 95 ± 2 | 100 | 4 | 76 ± 5 | 13.22 | <0.001* |
 | Mubuga | 90 | 4 | 96 ± 2 | 89 | 4 | 96 ± 2 | 0.000 | 0.99 |
 | Rukara | n/a | n/a | n/a | 100 | 4 | 94 ± 2 |  |  |
Bendiocarb 0.1% | Bukora | 87 | 4 | 100 | 100 | 4 | 91 ± 3 | 8.81 | 0.003* |
 | Busoro | 88 | 4 | 100 | 100 | 4 | 100 |  |  |
 | Karambi | 84 | 4 | 99 ± 1 | 83 | 4 | 98 ± 1 | 0.202 | 0.65 |
 | Kibogora | 83 | 4 | 96 ± 2 | 97 | 4 | 100 | 3.11 | 0.08 |
 | Kicukiro | 93 | 4 | 100 | 96 | 4 | 100 |  |  |
 | Kivumu | 82 | 4 | 100 | 100 | 4 | 96 ± 2 | 3.1 | 0.08 |
 | Mareba | 87 | 4 | 100 | 100 | 4 | 100 |  |  |
 | Mashesha | 93 | 4 | 100 | 100 | 4 | 100 |  |  |
 | Mbuga | 86 | 4 | 99 | 88 | 4 | 100 | 1.01 | 0.31 |
 | Mimuri | 83 | 4 | 100 | 88 | 4 | 100 |  |  |
 | Mubuga | 91 | 4 | 100 | 81 | 4 | 100 |  |  |
 | Rukara | 86 | 4 | 99 | 96 | 4 | 100 |  |  |
Fenitrothion 1% | Bukora | 83 | 4 | 100 | 97 | 4 | 100 | Â | Â |
 | Busoro | 93 | 4 | 100 | 100 | 4 | 100 |  |  |
 | Karambi | 82 | 4 | 100 | 94 | 4 | 100 |  |  |
 | Kibogora | 81 | 4 | n/a | 90 | 4 | 100 |  |  |
 | Kicukiro | 85 | 4 | 100 | 98 | 4 | 100 |  |  |
 | Kivumu | 84 | 4 | 100 | 100 | 4 | 100 |  |  |
 | Mareba | 84 | 4 | 100 | 100 | 4 | 100 |  |  |
 | Mashesha | 183 | 8 | 100 | 100 | 4 | 100 |  |  |
 | Mbuga | 81 | 4 | 100 | 192 | 8 | 100 |  |  |
 | Mimuri | 82 | 4 | 100 | 88 | 4 | 100 |  |  |
 | Mubuga | 82 | 4 | 100 | 88 | 4 | 100 |  |  |
 | Rukara | 82 | 4 | 100 | 100 | 4 | 100 |  |  |