Feature | P. falciparum $ | P. vivax $ | OR (95% CI) | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Glasgow coma score, Mean ± SD | 13.8 ± 2.5 | 14.5 ± 1.5 | 0.8 (0.7–1.0) | 0.040* |
Coma, n/N (%) | 10/107 (9.3) | 2/71 (2.8) | 3.7 (0.8– 17.9) | 0.099 |
Blood urea nitrogen, mg  %, Mean ± SD | 75.7 ± 82.0 | 38.3 ± 24.7 | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 0.003** |
Serum creatinine, mg/dL, Mean ± SD | 2.2 ± 3.2 | 1.1 ± 0.5 | 1.4 (1.1–2.0) | 0.027* |
Renal failure, n/N (%) | 42/100 (42.0) | 12/61 (19.7) | 3.0 (1.4–6.3) | 0.004** |
Respiration rate (breaths/m), Mean ± SD | 23.2 ± 6.7 | 21.8 ± 8.7 | 1.0 (1.0–1.1) | 0.395 |
Respiratory distress, n/N (%) | 50/98 (51.0) | 27/63 (42.9) | 1.5 (0.8–2.8) | 0.219 |
Total bilirubin, mg/dL, Mean ± SD | 5.9 ± 8.6 | 3.5 ± 4.1 | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 0.812 |
Jaundice, n/N (%) | 35/86 (40.7) | 18/56 (32.1) | 1.5 (0.8–3.1) | 0.225 |
Severe jaundice, n/N (%) | 15/86 (17.4) | 5/56 (8.9) | 2.3 (0.8–6.7) | 0.136 |
Systolic BP, mm Hg, Mean ± SD | 99.0 ± 13.0 | 95.8 ± 13.4 | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 0.107 |
Shock, n/N (%) | 3/105 (2.9) | 5/70 (7.1) | 0.4 (0.9–1.8) | 0.217 |
Pulmonary oedema, n/N (%) | 9/106 (8.5) | 5/72 (6.9) | 1.5 (0.8–3.1) | 0.225 |
Abnormal bleeding, n/N (%) | 7/107 (6.5) | 1/71 (1.4) | 5.0 (0.6–43.4) | 0.136 |
% Parasitaemia, Mean ± SD | 1.4 ± 3.3 | 0.4 ± 0.7 | 1.5 (1.0–2.1) | 0.024* |
Temperature, C, Mean ± SD | 37.7 ± 1.5 | 37.5 ± 1.4 | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) | 0.481 |
High fever (>38.1 °C), n/N (%) | 35/107 (32.7) | 22/71 (31.0) | 1.2 (0.6–2.3) | 0.599 |
Severe fever (>38.9 °C), n/N (%) | 19/107 (17.8) | 13/71 (18.3) | 1.0 (0.5–2.3) | 0.918 |
Haemoglobin, g/dL, Mean ± SD | 10.1 ± 2.7 | 10.6 ± 2.5 | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) | 0.159 |
Anaemia, n/N (%) | 33/107 (30.8) | 16/71 (22.5) | 1.6 (0.8–3.3) | 0.157 |
Severe anaemia, n/N (%) | 12/107 (11.2) | 2/71 (2.8) | 4.6 (1.0–21.9) | 0.049* |
Days in hospital, Mean ± SD | 6.0 ± 5.5 | 4.6 ± 2.0 | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | 0.044* |
Long hospital stay (>8 days), n/n (%) | 18/107 (16.8) | 3/71 (4.2) | 4.7 (1.3–17.2) | 0.016* |
Severity, Mean ± SD | 2.0 ± 2.02 | 1.2 ± 1.14 | 1.3 (1.1–1.67) | 0.005** |
Severe malaria (SS > 0), n/N (%) | 82/107 (76.6) | 56/71 (78.9) | 1.1 (0.5–2.2) | 0.818 |
Severe malaria (SS > 1), n/N (%) | 47/107 (43.9) | 19/71 (26.8) | 2.2 (1.2–4.3) | 0.014* |
Severe malaria (SS > 2), n/N (%) | 32/107 (29.9) | 9/71 (12.7) | 3.0 (1.3–7.0) | 0.007** |