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Table 3 Univariate logistic regression of clinical features by species of malaria infection among hospitalised patients

From: Demographic and clinical profiles of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax patients at a tertiary care centre in southwestern India

Feature

P. falciparum $

P. vivax $

OR (95% CI)

p value

Glasgow coma score, Mean ± SD

13.8 ± 2.5

14.5 ± 1.5

0.8 (0.7–1.0)

0.040*

Coma, n/N (%)

10/107 (9.3)

2/71 (2.8)

3.7 (0.8– 17.9)

0.099

Blood urea nitrogen, mg  %, Mean ± SD

75.7 ± 82.0

38.3 ± 24.7

1.0 (1.0–1.0)

0.003**

Serum creatinine, mg/dL, Mean ± SD

2.2 ± 3.2

1.1 ± 0.5

1.4 (1.1–2.0)

0.027*

Renal failure, n/N (%)

42/100 (42.0)

12/61 (19.7)

3.0 (1.4–6.3)

0.004**

Respiration rate (breaths/m), Mean ± SD

23.2 ± 6.7

21.8 ± 8.7

1.0 (1.0–1.1)

0.395

Respiratory distress, n/N (%)

50/98 (51.0)

27/63 (42.9)

1.5 (0.8–2.8)

0.219

Total bilirubin, mg/dL, Mean ± SD

5.9 ± 8.6

3.5 ± 4.1

1.0 (1.0–1.0)

0.812

Jaundice, n/N (%)

35/86 (40.7)

18/56 (32.1)

1.5 (0.8–3.1)

0.225

Severe jaundice, n/N (%)

15/86 (17.4)

5/56 (8.9)

2.3 (0.8–6.7)

0.136

Systolic BP, mm Hg, Mean ± SD

99.0 ± 13.0

95.8 ± 13.4

1.0 (1.0–1.0)

0.107

Shock, n/N (%)

3/105 (2.9)

5/70 (7.1)

0.4 (0.9–1.8)

0.217

Pulmonary oedema, n/N (%)

9/106 (8.5)

5/72 (6.9)

1.5 (0.8–3.1)

0.225

Abnormal bleeding, n/N (%)

7/107 (6.5)

1/71 (1.4)

5.0 (0.6–43.4)

0.136

% Parasitaemia, Mean ± SD

1.4 ± 3.3

0.4 ± 0.7

1.5 (1.0–2.1)

0.024*

Temperature, C, Mean ± SD

37.7 ± 1.5

37.5 ± 1.4

1.0 (0.9–1.2)

0.481

High fever (>38.1 °C), n/N (%)

35/107 (32.7)

22/71 (31.0)

1.2 (0.6–2.3)

0.599

Severe fever (>38.9 °C), n/N (%)

19/107 (17.8)

13/71 (18.3)

1.0 (0.5–2.3)

0.918

Haemoglobin, g/dL, Mean ± SD

10.1 ± 2.7

10.6 ± 2.5

0.9 (0.8–1.0)

0.159

Anaemia, n/N (%)

33/107 (30.8)

16/71 (22.5)

1.6 (0.8–3.3)

0.157

Severe anaemia, n/N (%)

12/107 (11.2)

2/71 (2.8)

4.6 (1.0–21.9)

0.049*

Days in hospital, Mean ± SD

6.0 ± 5.5

4.6 ± 2.0

1.1 (1.0–1.2)

0.044*

Long hospital stay (>8 days), n/n (%)

18/107 (16.8)

3/71 (4.2)

4.7 (1.3–17.2)

0.016*

Severity, Mean ± SD

2.0 ± 2.02

1.2 ± 1.14

1.3 (1.1–1.67)

0.005**

Severe malaria (SS > 0), n/N (%)

82/107 (76.6)

56/71 (78.9)

1.1 (0.5–2.2)

0.818

Severe malaria (SS > 1), n/N (%)

47/107 (43.9)

19/71 (26.8)

2.2 (1.2–4.3)

0.014*

Severe malaria (SS > 2), n/N (%)

32/107 (29.9)

9/71 (12.7)

3.0 (1.3–7.0)

0.007**

  1. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01, $ excludes mixed-infection cases, SS # of WHO severe malaria criteria met at admission and during hospitalisation