Patterns and determinants of malaria risk in urban and peri-urban areas of Blantyre, Malawi

Malaria Journal

Table 4 Risk factors (adjusted odds ratios) for clinical malaria (cases) compared with age- and location-matched non-malaria (controls) among children under 5 years of age from urban and peri-urban health facilities of Blantyre city, Malawi, sampled between April 2012 and October 2015

Characteristic	OR (N_cases = 175, N_Controls = 275)	95% CI	P value^‡
Model 1
Slept away from home; n (%)			0.02**
In the urban* setting	2.36	(1.31, 4.2)
In the peri-urban* setting	1.17	(0.64, 2.15)
Household with electricity	0.57	(0.31, 1.06)	0.08
Tertiary education	0.59	(0.36, 0.96)	0.03
Model 2
PC 1 (House finishing/ piped water score)	0.80	(0.66, 0.97)	0.02
Slept away from home; n (%)			0.04**
In the urban* setting	2.3	(1.28, 4.11)
In the peri-urban* setting	1.19	(0.65, 2.20)
House with electricity	0.76	(0.39, 1.47)	0.41
Tertiary education	0.67	(0.41, 1.12)	0.12

OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval
* Urban areas considered Bangwe, Ndirande, Zingwangwa and Chilomoni HFs; peri-urban areas are Chileka and Mpemba HFs
** P value for the interaction between urban vs. peri-urban and slept away from home
^‡P values, OR, and 95% CI were estimated through conditional logistic regression to account for matching strata

ISSN: 1475-2875