Exploring the use of routinely-available, retrospective data to study the association between malaria control scale-up and micro-economic outcomes in Zambia

Table 5 Association between malaria control and micro-economic outcomes—fixed effects analysis

	Total household spending (log) (no outliers)	Total food spending (log) (no outliers)	Percent of school-age children in school	Average years of education among school age or older
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)
Endline dummy	0.00	0.23	−0.05	−0.77
Endline dummy	(0.34)	(0.29)	(0.10)	(0.87)
Per cent of households owning ITN and/or houses sprayed	0.08	−0.06	0.02	−0.28
Per cent of households owning ITN and/or houses sprayed	(0.41)	(0.34)	(0.09)	(0.63)
Interaction between endline dummy and per cent of households owning ITN and/or houses sprayed	0.08	0.03	0.13	1.01
	(0.48)	(0.42)	(0.16)	(1.38)
Constant	13.34***	12.81***	0.16	4.79
Constant	(2.52)	(1.94)	(0.67)	(5.13)
District fixed effects	X	X	X	X
District level control variables	X	X	X	X
Observations	144	144	144	144
R-squared	0.907	0.890	0.803	0.949
Mean of dependent variable	13.245	12.715	0.644	4.655

See Table 4 for an explanation for all the variables in this analysis. From that list of variables, the authors excluded district level controls variables that are time-invariant including elevation and dummy variables for provinces that were targeted with malaria control scale. The authors used Efron cluster robust standard errors to account for the fact that the outcomes measures are drawn from a sample not intended to be representative at the district level
* Significant at 10%; ** significant at 5%; *** significant at 1%

ISSN: 1475-2875