Table 1 Description of the studies included in the review
No | Citation | Country | Study design | Intervention | Cadre |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | Rodriguez et al. [20] | Malawi | Case study | iCCM | Health surveillance assistants |
2. | Chilundo et al. [21] | Mozambique | Qualitative study | iCCM | CHWs |
3. | Yansaneh et al. [33] | Sierra Leone | Mixed methods: household survey, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions | Free healthcare initiative and iCCM | CHVs |
4. | Witek-McManus et al. [34] | Malawi | Pre-post interventional study | Training programme for school teachers | CHWs |
5. | Nanyonjo et al. [30] | Uganda | Cross-sectional study | iCCM | CHWs |
6. | Heidkamp et al. [26] | Malawi | Cross-sectional study | iCCM | CHWs, called health surveillance assistants |
7. | Linn et al. [19] | Senegal | Quasi-experimental study | ProAct model (iCCM in which CHWs proactively search for cases) | HCPs |
8. | Druetz et al. [35] | Burkina Faso | Cross-sectional study | Community case management of malaria | CHWs |
9. | Das et al. [36] | India | Pre-post interventional study | a. Supportive supervision of ASHA plus community mobilization b. Community mobilization only | ASHA |
10. | Yansaneh et al. [12] | Sierra Leone | Pre-post interventional study | Health for the poorest quintile, focussing on 3 diseases: diarrhoea, malaria, pneumonia. | CHWs |
11. | Banek et al. [13] | Uganda | Mixed methods: cross-sectional, qualitative design | Home-base management of fever | CMDs |
12. | Hamainza et al. [22] | Zambia | Longitudinal study | CHWs providing passive and active visits to households | CHWs |
13. | Abbey et al. [24] | Ghana | Mixed method: cross-sectional, qualitative design | Community-based health intervention | CHWs |
14. | Lwin et al. [37] | Myanmar | Community-base intervention study | Sun primary health community-based intervention | CHWs |
15. | Tine et al. [14] | Senegal | Randomized controlled trial | CCMm and seasonal malaria chemoprevention | CHWs |
16. | Tine et al. [29] | Senegal | Randomized controlled trial | Home-based management of malaria using RDT, ACT, rectal artesunate seasonal malaria chemoprevention delivered by CHWs | CHWs |
17. | Nanyonjo et al. [18] | Uganda | Cross-sectional study | iCCM | CHWs: Primary health facility workers (PFHWs) |
18. | Siekmans et al. [38] | Kenya | Cross-sectional study | iCCM | CHWs |
19. | Ndiaye et al. [39] | Senegal | Secondary data analysis | CCMm | CHWs |
20. | Blanas et al. [28] | Senegal | Mixed-methods design | CCMm | CHWs |
21. | Ohnmar et al. [40] | Myanmar | Randomized controlled trial | Training unpaid village volunteers in provision of RDT, ACT and supervision | Village volunteers |
22. | Lim et al. [41] | Cambodia | Cross-sectional study | VMW vs health facility health worker intervention | VMW |
23. | Kisia et al. [42] | Kenya | Cross-sectional study | CCMm | CHWs |
24. | Counihan et al. [25] | Zambia | Longitudinal study | CHW intervention | CHWs |
25. | Rutta et al. [43] | Tanzania | Pre-post intervention study | CORPs to provide early diagnosis and treatment of malaria | CORPs |
26. | Ratsimbasoa et al. [44] | Madagascar | Mixed methods design | RDTs conducted by CHWs, compared to PCR and microscopy | CHWs |
27. | Brenner et al. [23] | Uganda | Pre-post intervention study | Volunteer community health worker intervention | Community health volunteers |
28. | Mukanga et al. [45] | Uganda | Qualitative study | Integrated malaria and pneumonia community case management | CHWs |
29. | Thiam et al. [46] | Senegal | Secondary data analysis | Home-based management of malaria | HCPs |
30. | Okeibunor et al. [15] | Nigeria | Pre-post intervention study | VCDDs intervention | VCDD |
31. | Lemma et al. [47] | Ethiopia | Pre-post intervention study | Training of CHWs | CHWs |
32. | Patouillard et al. [16] | Ghana | Randomized controlled trial | Intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in children (IPTc) | Community health volunteers |
33. | Chanda et al. [48] | Zambia | Cross-sectional study | HMM | CHWs |
34. | Chanda et al. [49] | Zambia | Prospective study | CHWs intervention | CHWs |
35 | Ngasala et al. [50] | Tanzania | Prospective study | Delivery of artemether–lumefantrine by community health workers | CHWs |
36. | Phommanivong et al. [51] | Lao PDR | Prospective study | Training of village health volunteers | Village health workers |
37. | Yeboah-Antwi et al. [52] | Zambia | Cluster randomized controlled trial | CHW intervention | CHWs |
38. | Mukanga et al. [53] | Uganda | Qualitative study | CHW intervention | CMDs |
39. | Yasuoka et al. [17] | Cambodia | Cross-sectional study | VMW intervention | VMW |
40. | Hawkes et al. [54] | Democratic Republic of Congo | Prospective cohort study | Training of CHWs | CHWs |
41. | Eke et al. [55] | Nigeria | Prospective cohort study | CHW intervention | CHWs |
42. | Awor et al. [56] | Uganda | Quasi-experimental study | iCCM | Drug shop attendants |
43. | Cox et al. [57] | Cambodia | Mixed methods study | Community-based surveillance systems | VMW |
44. | Hamainza et al. [22] | Zambia | Cross-sectional study | Mobile phone SMS vs register book | CHWs |
45. | Ndiaye et al. [58] | Senegal | Prospective cohort study | Paediatric kit containing quinine, purified water, syringe | CHWs |
46. | Das et al. [59] | India | Longitudinal study | Community-based presumptive chloroquine treatment | Volunteers |
47. | Mbonye et al. [60] | Uganda | Intervention study | Community-based IPTp | Drug shop vendors, traditional birth attendants, community reproductive health worker, adolescent peer mobilizer |
48. | Vanek et al. [61] | Tanzania | Cross-sectional study | Community-based surveillance | CORPs |
49. | Cho-Min-Naing et al. [62] | Myanmar | Cross-sectional study | Rapid on-site immunochromatographic test | Volunteer health workers |
50. | Kelly et al. [63] | Kenya | Cross-sectional study | Community initiatives for child survival | CHWs |
51. | Ruebush et al. [64] | Guatemala | Intervention study | Community-based malaria case detection system—Volunteer collaboration network (VCN) | Volunteer collaborators |
52. | Aung et al. [65] | Myanmar | Pre-post intervention study | Training of CHWs | CHWs |
53. | Gidebo et al. [66] | Ethiopia | Mixed-methods study | Health extension programme | CHWs |
54. | Kalyango et al. [67] | Uganda | Mixed methods study | iCCM of childhood illnesses | CHWs |
55. | Hamer et al. [68] | Zambia | Cluster randomized controlled trial | Training of CHWs | CHWs |
56. | Mubi et al. [10] | Tanzania | Randomized cross-over trial | Training of CHWs | CHWs |
57. | Harvey et al. [69] | Zambia | Quasi-experimental study | Training of CHWs | CHWs |
58. | Delacollette et al. [70] | Zaire | Prospective cohort study | Training of CHWs | CHWs |
59. | Eriksen et al. [71] | Tanzania | Randomized controlled trial | Training of community women leaders | Women leaders |
60. | Kouyaté et al. [72] | Burkina Faso | Randomized controlled trial | Training of women group leaders by health workers | Lay community women leaders |
61. | Onwujekwe et al. [73] | Nigeria | Prospective study | Training of CHWs | CHWs |
62. | Mayxay et al. [74] | Laos PDR | Longitudinal study | Training of VHVs | VHVs |
63. | Hii et al. [75] | Malaysia | Cross-sectional study | Community participation health programme (Sukarelawan Penjagaan Kesihatan Primer (SPKP)) | VHVs |
64. | Spencer et al. [76] | Kenya | Cross-sectional study | Community-based malaria control programme | Volunteer community health workers |
65. | Ajayi et al. [77] | Nigeria | Pre-post intervention study | Training of mother trainers | CHWs |
66. | Kweku et al. [78] | Ghana | Randomized controlled trial | IPTc | Community volunteers vs health workers in health facilities |