Profile of molecular mutations in pfdhfr, pfdhps, pfmdr1, and pfcrt genes of Plasmodium falciparum related to resistance to different anti-malarial drugs in the Bata District (Equatorial Guinea)

Table 2 Combination of mutations related with the resistance in P. falciparum

Combination of codons	Combination of amino acids	Number of mutations	Urban area (n = 102) N (%)	Rural area (n = 142) N (%)	p value	Total (n = 244) N (%)	95% CI
pfdhfr
51/59/108	IRN	3	63 (62%)	110 (78)	0.007	173 (71)	65.31 to 76.69
51/59/108/164	IRNL	4	0	2 (1.4)	0.168	2 (0.8)	−0.32 to 1.92
pfdhfr + pfdhps
^a51/59/108/437	IRNG	4	58 (57)	74 (52)	0.462	132 (54)	47.75 to 60.25
51/59/108/540	IRNE	4	5 (5)	24 (17)	0.004	29 (12)	7.92 to 16.08
51/59/108/581	IRNG	4	11 (11)	6 (4)	0.047	17 (7)	3.8 to 10.2
51/59/108/164/437	IRNLG	5	0	1 (1)	0.58	1 (0.4)	−0.39 to 1.19
^b51/59/108/437/540	IRNGE	5	5 (5)	23 (16)	0.006	28 (11)	7.07 to 14.93
51/59/108/437/581	IRNGG	5	11 (11)	3 (2)	0.004	14 (6)	3.02 to 8.98
^c51/59/108/437/540/581	IRNGEG	6	2 (2)	4 (3)	0.67	6 (2.4)	0.48 to 4.32
pfmdr1
86/1246	YY	2	1 (1)	3 (2)	0.492	4 (2)	0.24 to 3.76
pfmdr1 + pfcrt
86/76	YT	2	20 (20)	34 (24)	0.4208	54 (22)	16.8 to 27.2

It shows the prevalence of the different combinations of mutations in each gene (pfdhfr and pfmdr1), and the combination between different genes of P. falciparum: pfdhfr ± pfdhps
≤0.05 is taken as significance value
^aPartially resistant pfdhfr 51/59/108 + pfdhps 437 (51/59/108/437)
^bFully resistant pfdhfr 51/59/108 + pfdhps 437/540 (51/59/108/437/540)
^cSuper resistant pfdhfr 51/59/108 + pfdhps 437/540/581 (51/59/108/437/540/437) and the combination in pfmdr1 ± pfcrt

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