From: Severe malaria in Europe: an 8-year multi-centre observational study
Characteristics | n (median) | % [IQR] |
---|---|---|
Gender | ||
Male | 132 | 71 |
Age | ||
Age in years | (42) | [31–52] |
≥60 years | 22 | 12 |
≤18 years | 10 | 5 |
Origin of patients | ||
European, no history of migration | 106 | 57 |
Immigrant/history of migration | 68 | 37 |
Visitor from endemic country | 11 | 6 |
Anti-malarial chemoprophylaxis | ||
None | 162 | 88 |
Non-adherence to prescribed regimen | 17 | 9 |
Doxycyclinea | 2 | 1 |
Chloroquine-proguanila,b | 2 | 1 |
Mefloquinea | 1 | 1 |
Atovaquone-proguanila | 1 | 1 |
Criteria leading to classification as severe malaria | ||
Hyperparasitaemia >5% | 132 | 71 |
Hyperparasitaemia >10%c | 55 | 30 |
Hyperparasitaemia >2%c | 154 | 83 |
Jaundiced | 81 | 44 |
Impaired consciousness/coma | 46 | 25 |
Acute renal failure | 36 | 19 |
Liver function test >3 times upper normal | 36 | 19 |
Circulatory collapse/shock | 27 | 15 |
Anaemia <8 g/dl | 27 | 15 |
Respiratory failure | 22 | 12 |
Spontaneous/abnormal bleeding | 13 | 7 |
Acidosis | 9 | 5 |
Hypoglycaemia <40 mg/dl | 6 | 3 |
Multiple convulsions | 3 | 2 |
Number of criteria for severe malaria met by individual patients | ||
1 | 59 | 32 |
2 | 60 | 32 |
3 | 30 | 16 |
4 | 19 | 10 |
5 | 10 | 5 |
>5 | 7 | 3 |
Underlying co-morbidities | ||
Any | 63 | 43 |
Hypertension | 16 | 9 |
HIV | 13 | 7 |
Diabetes | 10 | 5 |
Chronic heart disease | 8 | 4 |
Hepatitis | 3 | 2 |
COPD | 2 | 1 |
Other chronic conditions | 11 | 6 |