South/East Asia
|
Bhutan [3, 106]
|
Men collecting firewood
|
Men sleeping in the fields to protect crops
| |
Businessmen travelling to India
| |
Farmers
|
Cambodia [5, 33, 107]
|
Male forest workers
| | |
Temporary migrants
|
Ethnic minority groups living on the forest fringe
|
Jarai male youth
|
Indonesia [37]
|
Forest workers
| |
Military personnel
|
Tourists
| |
Miners
|
Migrants
|
Malaysia [40, 108, 109]
|
Logging, fishing and other forest work
|
Plantation workers
|
Military personnel
| |
Indigenous Orang Asli in the hinterland, particularly children
|
Sri Lanka [8, 110]
|
Adult men working on forest fringe
| |
Adult male gem miners
|
Military personnel returning from South Sudan and Haiti
| |
Fisherman returning from Sierra Leone
|
Laborers and migrants from Myanmar
|
Pakistani asylum seekers
|
Thailand [46, 108, 109, 111–113]
|
Rubber tapers
| | |
Migrants from Myanmar, Cambodia and Laos
| |
Internal migrants from rural areas to foothills or forests
|
Migrant workers
|
Mobile ethnic groups
|
Foreign travellers
|
Vietnam [6, 114]
|
Forest-goers
|
Agricultural workers
| | |
Ra-glai population
|
Male wood-cutters
|
Lower socioeconomic status
|
East Asia/Pacific
|
China [115–118]
| | | |
Laborers returning from Africa
| |
Gold miners returning from Ghana
|
Laborers returning to Jiangsu from elsewhere in China
|
Philippines [38, 39]
|
Forest clearing, logging, wood gathering, hunting
| |
Military personnel
| |
Indigenous populations, particularly in rural areas
|
Charcoal workers
|
Construction workers
|
North Korea [119]
| |
Agricultural workers, ages 17–59 years
|
Industrial workers, ages 17–59 years
| | |
Latin America
|
Brazil [4, 120–123]
| | |
Adult male gold miners
| | |
Suriname [124]
| | | |
Illegal gold miners in remote areas
| |
Venezuela [125, 126]
| | |
Gold miners
| | |
Other
|
Saudi Arabia [127]
| | | |
Adult males from North India
| |
Migrants from southwest to east of country
|
Swaziland [45]
| | | |
Adult male migrant workers, primarily from Mozambique
| |
Turkmenistan [128]
| | |
Military personnel
| |
Males in rural areas
|
Oil and gas workers
|
Ethiopia [34]
| | | |
Young adult seasonal migrant farm workers in northwest Ethiopia
| |