Table 2 Annual clinical and parasite responses to dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Binh Phuoc province, Vietnam

Fever clearance time [hours]

 Median (IQR) [hours]

24 (18.30)

18 (12.24)

24 (18.36)

24 (18.36)

<0.001

Parasite clearance time (PCT100)

 Median (IQR) [hours]

63 (48.84)

60 (36.90)

78 (36.168)

78 (60.96)

0.002

 Proportion with PCT > 72 h

38% (19/50)

41% (29/66)

54% (35/65)

57% (41/72)

Parasite clearance half- life PC_1/2 [hours]

 Median (IQR)

3.75 (2.45;6.56)

4.11 (2.10;6.27)

5.80 (2.45;7.14)

6.60 (4.65;8.03)

<0.001

 Geometric mean (95% CI)

3.94 (3.38;4.60)

3.67 (3.16;4.26)

4.29 (3.66;5.03)

5.52 (4.84;6.29)

 T_1/2 > 5 h

20/50 (40%)

27/64 (42%)

36/64 (56%)

51/69 (74%)

Treatment outcome (WHO)

 APCR#

47/50 (94%)

55/66 (83%)

43/65 (66%)

40/72 (56%)

 Early treatment failure

0/50 (0%)

0/66 (0%)

1/65 (2%)

0/72 (0%)

 Clinical treatment failure

0/50 (0%)

0/66 (0%)

1/65 (2%)

8/72 (11%)

 Parasitological treatment failure

2/50 (4%)

1/66 (2%)

5/65 (8%)

12/72 (17%)

–

 Withdrawal

1/50 (2%)

4/66 (6%)

2/65 (3%)

3/72 (4%)

 Loss to follow-up

0/50 (0%)

6/66 (9%)

13/65 (20%)

9/72 (13%)

Risk of failure [PCR—uncorrected]

 Uncorrected Kaplan–Meier estimate (ITT)

4%

2%

12%

30%

<0.001

 Uncorrected proportion (per protocol)

2/49 (4%)

1/56 (2%)

7/50 (14%)

20/60 (33%)

<0.001

Risk of failure [PCR—corrected]

 Corrected Kaplan–Meier estimate (‘ITT’)

0%

0%

5%

22%

<0.001

 Corrected Proportion (‘per protocol’)

0/47 (0%)

0/55 (0%)

3/46 (7%)

14/54 (26%)

<0.001

 K13-propeller mutation

I543T:1/50 (2%)

C580Y:5/50 (10%)

P553L:6/50 (12%)

Y493H:7/50 (14%)

Total 19/50 (38%)

I543T:3/65 (4.62%)

C580Y:3/65 (3.08%)

P553L:4/65 (6.15%)

Y493H:14/65 (21.54%)

24/65 (37%)

I543T:1/65 (1.54%)

C580Y:25/65 (38.5%)

P553L:2/65 (3.08%)

Y493H:1/65 (1.54%)

29/65 (45%)

C580Y:48/66 (72.73%)

<0.001