Fig. 4

Chemokine plasma levels. Comparative analysis of MCP-1/CCL2 (a), IP-10/CXCL10 (b), and RANTES/CCL5 (c) production among malaria-naïve control group (n = 15), endemic control group (n = 10), P. vivax group (n = 75) and P. vivax-treated group (n = 10) were performed using Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn Post-hoc. The dotted lines (—) represent the detection limit of the assay. Levels of MCP-1/CCL2 (D), IP-10/CXCL10 (e) and RANTES/CCL5 (f) in acute-phase and convalescence period from P. vivax infected patients were determined from P. vivax group (n = 10) and P. vivax-treated group using Paired t-test or Wilcoxon test, according to data distribution. A p value <0.05 was considered significant. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001