Fig. 5

IL-10 plasma levels and their associations. a Parasitaemia: high vs low number of parasites. Comparison between high (>500 parasites/cu mm, n = 33) and low (≤500 parasites/cu mm, n = 32) number of parasites was performed using Mann–Whitney test. b Number of previous malaria episodes. Comparisons among first malaria (n = 10), ≤5 episodes (n = 24) and >5 episodes (n = 32) were performed using Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn Post-hoc. A p value <0.05 was considered significant. *p < 0.05. The dotted lines (—) represent the detection limit of the assay