Fig. 5
Frequency distribution of amino acid of Plasmodium falciparum SURFIN4.1 extracellular region. Data obtained in this study for western Kenya isolates in 2014 (n = 24), eastern Kenya isolates in 1998 (n = 51) [15], and Thai isolates in 1988/1989 (n = 37) [17] are plotted. Each allele at polymorphic sites are shown with white, black, red, yellow, and blue. Positions where Tajima’s D showed significant positive or negative deviation from the neutrality (p < 0.05) are indicated with red or blue bars, respectively. Asterisk symbols indicate the region where positive deviation from the neutrality was detected in the western Kenyan parasite population in this study. Hash and dagger symbol indicates the region where negative deviation from the neutrality was detected. A scheme of SURFIN4.1 extracellular region (bottom) are shown to visualize the location of the polymorphic sites. N-terminal (N), Cys-rich domain (CRD), and variable regions 1 and 2 (Var1 and Var2)