TY - STD TI - WHO. Guidelines for the treatment of malaria. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2010. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/162441/1/9789241549127_eng.pdf. Accessed 21 Feb 2017. UR - http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/162441/1/9789241549127_eng.pdf ID - ref1 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ochola, L. B. AU - Vounatsou, P. AU - Smith, T. AU - Mabaso, M. L. H. AU - Newton, C. PY - 2006 DA - 2006// TI - The reliability of diagnostic techniques in the diagnosis and management of malaria in the absence of a gold standard JO - Lancet Infect Dis VL - 6 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(06)70579-5 DO - 10.1016/S1473-3099(06)70579-5 ID - Ochola2006 ER - TY - STD TI - WHO. World malaria report 2015. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015. http://www.who.int/malaria/publications/world-malaria-report-2015/report/en/. Accessed 21 Feb 2017. UR - http://www.who.int/malaria/publications/world-malaria-report-2015/report/en/ ID - ref3 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kahama-Maro, J. AU - D’Acremont, V. AU - Mtasiwa, D. AU - Genton, B. AU - Lengeler, C. PY - 2011 DA - 2011// TI - Low quality of routine microscopy for malaria at different levels of the health system in Dar es Salaam JO - Malar J VL - 10 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-10-332 DO - 10.1186/1475-2875-10-332 ID - Kahama-Maro2011 ER - TY - STD TI - WHO. Universal access to malaria diagnostic testing—an operational manual. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013. http://www.who.int/malaria/publications/atoz/9789241502092/en/. Accessed 21 Feb 2017. UR - http://www.who.int/malaria/publications/atoz/9789241502092/en/ ID - ref5 ER - TY - STD TI - WHO. Summary results of WHO product testing of malaria RDTs: rounds 1–6 (2008–2015). Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/204119/1/9789241510042_eng.pdf. Accessed 21 Feb 2017. UR - http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/204119/1/9789241510042_eng.pdf ID - ref6 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Abba, K. AU - Deeks, J. J. AU - Olliaro, P. AU - Naing, C. M. AU - Jackson, S. M. AU - Takwoingi, Y. PY - 2011 DA - 2011// TI - Rapid diagnostic tests for diagnosing uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in endemic countries JO - Cochrane Database Syst Rev VL - 7 ID - Abba2011 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Koita, O. A. AU - Ndiaye, J. AU - Nwakanma, D. AU - Sangare, L. AU - Ndiaye, D. AU - Joof, F. PY - 2013 DA - 2013// TI - Seasonal changes in the frequency of false negative rapid diagnostic tests based on histidine rich protein 2 (HRP2) JO - Am J Trop Med Hyg. VL - 80 ID - Koita2013 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Shakely, D. AU - Elfving, K. AU - Aydin-Schmidt, B. AU - Msellem, M. I. AU - Morris, U. AU - Omar, R. PY - 2013 DA - 2013// TI - The usefulness of rapid diagnostic tests in the new context of low malaria transmission in Zanzibar JO - PLoS ONE VL - 8 UR - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0072912 DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0072912 ID - Shakely2013 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Koita, O. A. AU - Doumbo, O. K. AU - Ouattara, A. AU - Tall, L. K. AU - Konare, A. AU - Diakite, M. PY - 2012 DA - 2012// TI - False-negative rapid diagnostic tests for malaria and deletion of the histidine-rich repeat region of the hrp2 gene JO - Am J Trop Med Hyg VL - 86 UR - https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2012.10-0665 DO - 10.4269/ajtmh.2012.10-0665 ID - Koita2012 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gamboa, D. AU - Ho, M. F. AU - Bendezu, J. AU - Torres, K. AU - Chiodini, P. L. AU - Barnwell, J. W. PY - 2010 DA - 2010// TI - A large proportion of P. falciparum isolates in the Amazon region of Peru lack pfhrp2 and pfhrp3: implications for malaria rapid diagnostic tests JO - PLoS ONE VL - 5 UR - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0008091 DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0008091 ID - Gamboa2010 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kumar, N. AU - Pande, V. AU - Bhatt, R. M. AU - Shah, N. K. AU - Mishra, N. AU - Srivastava, B. PY - 2013 DA - 2013// TI - Genetic deletion of HRP2 and HRP3 in Indian Plasmodium falciparum population and false negative malaria rapid diagnostic test JO - Acta Trop VL - 125 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2012.09.015 DO - 10.1016/j.actatropica.2012.09.015 ID - Kumar2013 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Parr, J. B. AU - Verity, R. AU - Doctor, S. M. AU - Janko, M. AU - Carey-Ewend, K. AU - Turman, B. J. PY - 2016 DA - 2016// TI - Pfhrp2-deleted Plasmodium falciparum parasites in the Democratic Republic of Congo: a national cross-sectional survey JO - J Infect Dis ID - Parr2016 ER - TY - STD TI - Government of Rwanda Ministry of Health: In: Health Management Information Systems. 2013 (Unpublished raw data). ID - ref14 ER - TY - STD TI - Malaria & Other Parasitic Diseases Division. Annual vector control report: July 2013–June 2014. Rwanda Biomedical Center; 2014. http://www.moh.gov.rw/fileadmin/templates/MOH-Reports/RwandaMalariaVector_control_annual_report_2013_2014__1_.pdf. Accessed 21 Feb 2017. UR - http://www.moh.gov.rw/fileadmin/templates/MOH-Reports/RwandaMalariaVector_control_annual_report_2013_2014__1_.pdf ID - ref15 ER - TY - STD TI - National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda MoHR, and ICF International. Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey 2014–15. 2016. http://dhsprogram.com/publications/publication-FR316-DHS-Final-Reports.cfm. Accessed 21 Feb 2017. UR - http://dhsprogram.com/publications/publication-FR316-DHS-Final-Reports.cfm ID - ref16 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hopkins, H. AU - Bebell, L. AU - Kambale, W. AU - Dokomajilar, C. AU - Rosenthal, P. J. AU - Dorsey, G. PY - 2008 DA - 2008// TI - Rapid diagnostic tests for malaria at sites of varying transmission intensity in Uganda JO - J Infect Dis VL - 197 UR - https://doi.org/10.1086/526502 DO - 10.1086/526502 ID - Hopkins2008 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Padley, D. AU - Moody, A. H. AU - Chiodini, P. L. AU - Saldanha, J. PY - 2003 DA - 2003// TI - Use of a rapid, single-round, multiplex PCR to detect malarial parasites and identify the species present JO - Ann Trop Med Parasitol VL - 97 UR - https://doi.org/10.1179/000349803125002977 DO - 10.1179/000349803125002977 ID - Padley2003 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Singh, B. AU - Bobogare, A. AU - Cox-Singh, J. AU - Snounou, G. AU - Abdullah, M. S. AU - Rahman, H. A. PY - 1999 DA - 1999// TI - A genus- and species-specific nested polymerase chain reaction malaria detection assay for epidemiologic studies JO - Am J Trop Med Hyg VL - 60 ID - Singh1999 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mixson-Hayden, T. AU - Lucchi, N. W. AU - Udhayakumar, V. PY - 2010 DA - 2010// TI - Evaluation of three PCR-based diagnostic assays for detecting mixed Plasmodium infection JO - BMC Res Notes VL - 3 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-3-88 DO - 10.1186/1756-0500-3-88 ID - Mixson-Hayden2010 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pinder, M. AU - Jawara, M. AU - Jarju, L. B. AU - Salami, K. AU - Jeffries, D. AU - Adiamoh, M. PY - 2015 DA - 2015// TI - Efficacy of indoor residual spraying with dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane against malaria in Gambian communities with high usage of long-lasting insecticidal mosquito nets: a cluster-randomised controlled trial JO - Lancet VL - 385 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61007-2 DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61007-2 ID - Pinder2015 ER - TY - STD TI - WHO. Malaria rapid diagnostic test performance: results of WHO product testing of malaria RDTs: round 5 (2013). Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/128678/1/9789241507554_eng.pdf. Accessed 21 Feb 2017. UR - http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/128678/1/9789241507554_eng.pdf ID - ref22 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gatton, M. L. AU - Rees-Channer, R. R. AU - Glenn, J. AU - Barnwell, J. W. AU - Cheng, Q. AU - Chiodini, P. L. PY - 2015 DA - 2015// TI - Pan-Plasmodium band sensitivity for Plasmodium falciparum detection in combination malaria rapid diagnostic tests and implications for clinical management JO - Malar J VL - 14 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-015-0629-z DO - 10.1186/s12936-015-0629-z ID - Gatton2015 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Heutmekers, M. AU - Gillet, P. AU - Cnops, L. AU - Bottieau, E. AU - Esbroeck, M. AU - Maltha, J. PY - 2012 DA - 2012// TI - Evaluation of the malaria rapid diagnostic test SDFK90: detection of both PfHRP2 and Pf-pLDH JO - Malar J VL - 11 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-11-359 DO - 10.1186/1475-2875-11-359 ID - Heutmekers2012 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lee, N. AU - Baker, J. AU - Andrews, K. T. AU - Gatton, M. L. AU - Bell, D. AU - Cheng, Q. PY - 2006 DA - 2006// TI - Effect of sequence variation in Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 on binding of specific monoclonal antibodies: implications for rapid diagnostic tests for malaria JO - J Clin Microbiol VL - 44 UR - https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.02557-05 DO - 10.1128/JCM.02557-05 ID - Lee2006 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ho, M. F. AU - Baker, J. AU - Lee, N. AU - Luchavez, J. AU - Ariey, F. AU - Nhem, S. PY - 2014 DA - 2014// TI - Circulating antibodies against Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich proteins 2 interfere with antigen detection by rapid diagnostic tests JO - Malar J VL - 13 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-13-480 DO - 10.1186/1475-2875-13-480 ID - Ho2014 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gillet, P. AU - Mori, M. AU - Esbroeck, M. AU - Ende, J. AU - Jacobs, J. PY - 2009 DA - 2009// TI - Assessment of the prozone effect in malaria rapid diagnostic tests JO - Malar J VL - 8 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-8-271 DO - 10.1186/1475-2875-8-271 ID - Gillet2009 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cheng, Q. AU - Gatton, M. L. AU - Barnwell, J. AU - Chiodini, P. AU - McCarthy, J. AU - Bell, D. PY - 2014 DA - 2014// TI - Plasmodium falciparum parasites lacking histidine-rich protein 2 and 3: a review and recommendations for accurate reporting JO - Malar J VL - 13 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-13-283 DO - 10.1186/1475-2875-13-283 ID - Cheng2014 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Luchavez, J. AU - Baker, J. AU - Alcantara, S. AU - Belizario, V. AU - Cheng, Q. AU - McCarthy, J. S. PY - 2011 DA - 2011// TI - Laboratory demonstration of a prozone-like effect in HRP2-detecting malaria rapid diagnostic tests: implications for clinical management JO - Malar J VL - 10 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-10-286 DO - 10.1186/1475-2875-10-286 ID - Luchavez2011 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gerstl, S. AU - Dunkley, S. AU - Mukhtar, A. AU - Smet, M. AU - Baker, S. AU - Maikere, J. PY - 2010 DA - 2010// TI - Assessment of two malaria rapid diagnostic tests in children under five years of age, with follow-up of false-positive pLDH test results, in a hyperendemic falciparum malaria area, Sierra Leone JO - Malar J VL - 9 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-9-28 DO - 10.1186/1475-2875-9-28 ID - Gerstl2010 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gillet, P. AU - Scheirlinck, A. AU - Stokx, J. AU - Weggheleire, A. AU - Chauque, H. S. AU - Canhanga, O. D. PY - 2011 DA - 2011// TI - Prozone in malaria rapid diagnostics tests: how many cases are missed? JO - Malar J VL - 10 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-10-166 DO - 10.1186/1475-2875-10-166 ID - Gillet2011 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gillet, P. AU - Mumba Ngoyi, D. AU - Lukuka, A. AU - Kande, V. AU - Atua, B. AU - Griensven, J. PY - 2013 DA - 2013// TI - False positivity of non-targeted infections in malaria rapid diagnostic tests: the case of human African Trypanosomiasis JO - PLOS Negl Trop Dis VL - 7 UR - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002180 DO - 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002180 ID - Gillet2013 ER - TY - STD TI - FIND. Malaria RDT product testing: interactive guide. 2016. http://www.rdt-interactive-guide.org/. Accessed 21 Feb 2017. UR - http://www.rdt-interactive-guide.org/ ID - ref33 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bell, D. R. AU - Wilson, D. W. AU - Martin, L. B. PY - 2005 DA - 2005// TI - False-positive results of a Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2—detecting malaria rapid diagnostic test due to high sensitivity in a community with fluctuating low parasite density JO - Am J Trop Med Hyg VL - 73 ID - Bell2005 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nwakanma, D. C. AU - Gomez-Escobar, N. AU - Walther, M. AU - Crozier, S. AU - Dubovsky, F. AU - Malkin, E. PY - 2009 DA - 2009// TI - Quantitative detection of Plasmodium falciparum DNA in saliva, blood, and urine JO - J Infect Dis VL - 199 UR - https://doi.org/10.1086/598856 DO - 10.1086/598856 ID - Nwakanma2009 ER - TY - BOOK PY - 2015 DA - 2015// TI - Rainfall by monitoring station, 2010–2014 PB - Rwanda Meteorology Agency CY - Kigali ID - ref36 ER -