Private sector opportunities and threats to achieving malaria elimination in the Greater Mekong Subregion: results from malaria outlet surveys in Cambodia, the Lao PDR, Myanmar, and Thailand

Table 1 National Treatment Guidelines Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, and Thailand

Country	Year	First-line Pf	First-line Pv	First-line severe malaria	Second-line
Cambodia	2014	Fixed-dose combination (FDC) artesunate-mefloquine (ASMQ) + primaquine or dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine + primaquine (DHA-PPQ)		Artesunate Intravenous (IV)/Intramuscular (IM) or Artemether IV/IM	Pf/Pv: Quinine + doxycycline or tetracycline
Lao PDR	2013	Artemether–Lumefantrine (AL) + primaquine		Artesunate IV/IM	Pf: Quinine + doxycycline Pv: Chloroquine Severe: Quinine IV/IM
Myanmar	2012	AL or ASMQ or DHA PPQ + primaquine^a	Chloroquine + primaquine	Artesunate IV/IM	Pf: Alternative first-line artemisinin-based combination medicines or artesunate + either doxycycline, tetracycline, or clindamycin Severe: Artemether IV/IM or Quinine IV/IM
Thailand	2014	ASMQ or DHA PPQ^b + primaquine	Chloroquine + primaquine	Artesunate IV/IM	Pf: Quinine + doxycycline, or artesunate + doxycycline or clindamycin Pv: Chloroquine Severe: Quinine IV/IM

^aIn late 2015, the Myanmar NTGs changed to AL + primaquine
^bIn late 2015, the Thailand malaria treatment guidelines changed in eight provinces to stipulate use of DHA PPQ, with a single dose of primaquine (30 mg) on day 1

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