Table 1 Description of malaria treatment outcomes

Revised WHO classification of treatment failures [7, 8]^a

Early treatment failure (ETF)

 Development of danger signs or severe malaria on days 1, 2 or 3, in the presence of parasitaemia

 Parasitaemia on day 2 higher than day 0 count, irrespective of axillary temperature

 Parasitaemia on day 3 with axillary temperature of ≥37.5 °C

 Parasitaemia of day 3 ≥25% of day 0 count

Late treatment failure

 Late clinical failure (LCF)

  Development of danger signs or severe malaria after day 3 in presence of parasitaemia

  Presence of parasitaemia and axillary temperature ≥37.5 °C on any day from day 4 to 14 (day 28 in low transmission areas), without previously meeting any of the criteria of ETF

 Late parasitological failure (LPF)

  Presence of parasitaemia on day 14 (any day from day 7 to 28 in low transmission areas), and axillary temperature ≥37.5 °C, without previously meeting any of the criteria of ETF or LCF

Adequate clinical and parasitological response (ACPR)

 Absence of parasitaemia on day 28 irrespective of axillary temperature without previously meeting any of the criteria of ETF or LCF or LPF