Skip to main content

Table 3 Characteristics of non-QAACT available in the private sector during the most recent survey round

From: Do anti-malarials in Africa meet quality standards? The market penetration of non quality-assured artemisinin combination therapy in eight African countries

 

Benin 2014

Kinshasa, DRC 2015

Katanga, DRC 2015

Nigeria 2015

Kenya 2014

Tanzania 2014

Uganda 2015

Zambia 2014

% (95% CI)

% (95% CI)

% (95% CI)

% (95% CI)

% (95% CI)

% (95% CI)

% (95% CI)

% (95% CI)

N = 6436

N = 6999

N = 1877

N = 7077

N = 3083

N = 2255

N = 7179

N = 555

Active ingredients (type)

Artemether lumefantrine

64.9 (61.6, 68.1)

67.0 (64.8, 69.2)

75.1 (68.0, 81.1)

65.8 (62.4, 69.0)

40.3 (36.5, 44.2)

29.0 (24.7, 33.7)

52.5 (48.5, 56.4)

75.4 (66.4, 82.6)

Artesunate amodiaquine

1.4 (1.0, 2.1)

3.8 (3.1, 4.6)

3.7 (2.9, 4.9)

5.5 (3.7, 8.1)

0.3 (0.2, 0.5)

0.2 (0.1, 0.3)

0.3 (0.1, 1.0)

1.1 (0.2, 7.5)

Artesunate mefloquine

5.5 (4.3, 7.1)

0.5 (2.6, 0.8)

<0.1 (<0.1, 0.2)

1.4 (0.7, 2.8)

2.8 (2.2, 3.6)

8.2 (5.7, 11.5)

1.1 (0.8, 1.7)

0.0 (–)

Artemisinin piperaquine

0.2 (0.0, 0.8)

1.4 (0.9, 2.1)

1.5 (0.6, 3.5)

0.8 (0.4, 1.6)

8.5 (7.9, 9.3)

19.3 (16.5, 22.4)

0.0 (–)

0.0 (–)

Artemisinin naphthoquine

1.1 (0.7, 1.5)

0.0 (–)

0.0 (–)

0.0 (–)

2.3 (1.9, 2.7)

1.7 (0.6, 4.6)

6.7 (5.4, 8.3)

0.7 (0.3, 1.5)

Artesunate SP

8.6 (7.6, 9.7)

9.7 (8.6, 10.8)

7.3 (4.0, 13.0)

1.6 (1.1, 2.4)

3.3 (2.6, 4.1)

0.0 (–)

0.0 (–)

21.2 (14.1, 30.5)

Dihydroartemisinin piperaquine

11.7 (9.2, 14.6)

14.6 (13.4, 15.8)

5.1 (3.8, 6.8)

24.7 (22.7, 46.7)

42.2 (40.0, 44.9)

41.7 (37.9, 45.7)

39.1 (36.0, 42.2)

1.6 (14.1, 30.5)

Dihydroartemisinin piperaquine trimethoprim

3.4 (2.9, 3.9)

0.2 (0.1, 0.5)

0.0 (–)

0.1 (<0.1, 0.2)

0.0 (–)

0.0 (–)

0.0 (–)

0.0 (–)

Dihydroartemisinin SP

3.3 (2.6,4.3)

2.9 (2.5, 3.3)

7.2 (6.3, 8.2)

0.0 (–)

0.0 (–)

0.0 (–)

0.0 (–)

0.0 (–)

Arterolane piperaquine

0.0 (–)

0.0 (–)

0.0 (–)

0.2 (0.1, 0.4)

0.0 (–)

0.0 (–)

0.3 (0.1, 0.5)

0.0 (–)

Product formulation

 Tablet

71.2 (68.3, 74.0)

60.2 (57.5, 62.8)

66.1 (63.9, 68.1)

60.8 (57.3, 64.2)

68.5 (66.2, 70.7)

86.4 (82.9, 89.2)

74.7 (71.3, 77.9)

74.3 (67.5, 80.1)

 Suspension

25.3 (23.8, 26.9)

39.8 (37.2, 42.5)

33.9 (31.8, 36.1)

35.8 (31.9, 39.9)

30.4 (28.1, 32.9)

13.6 (10.8, 17.0)

25.2 (22.0, 28.6)

25.7 (19.9, 32.5)

 Granule or suppository

3.5 (1.5, 7.9)

<0.1 (<0.1, 0.2)

<0.1 (<0.1, 0.2)

3.4 (2.6, 4.5)

1.1 (0.8, 1.6)

0.1 (<0.1, 0.2)

0.1 (0.1, 0.3)

0.0 (–)

 

N = 6426

N = 6986

N = 1853

N = 7074

N = 3072

N = 2237

N = 7137

N = 546

Country of manufacturea

 Local

0.0 (–)

24.8 (23.4, 26.2)

29.2 (26.9, 31.5)

15.2 (13.1, 17.6)

3.9 (3.3, 4.7)

9.2 (6.7, 12.6)

1.3 (0.9, 1.9)

0.0 (–)

 India

55.1 (53.1, 57.0)

60.5 (58.2, 62.8)

59.1 (51.7, 66.2)

59.3 (54.1, 64.4)

53.0 (51.3, 54.7)

6.5 (4.7, 8.9)

72.4 (69.3, 75.2)

67.9 (53.1, 79.8)

 China

18.4 (17.3, 19.6)

2.5 (1.8, 3.4)

2.6 (1.5, 4.3)

21.3 (18.0, 25.1)

27.0 (25.2, 28.8)

62.0 (56.9, 66.8)

23.1 (20.5, 25.9)

4.3 (1.8, 9.7)

 European Country

19.5 (17.8, 21.3)

7.6 (6.7, 8.7)

8.3 (3.7, 17.5)

2.2 (1.0, 4.8)

14.3 (13.0, 15.7)

22.1 (18.5, 26.3)

3.2 (2.3, 4.3)

27.8 (18.3, 39.8)

 Otherb

7.1 (5.7, 8.9)

4.6 (4.1, 5.1)

0.8 (0.3, 2.5)

2.0 (1.0, 4.1)

1.8 (1.3, 2.4)

0.2 (0.1, 0.7)

0.1 (<0.1, 0.4)

<0.1 (<0.1, 0.3)

Registered with a National Drug Regulatory Authority

36.4 (32.8, 40.3)

53.1 (52.0, 54.1)

41.6 (33.5, 50.3)

60.5 (57.6, 63.4)

64.7 (63.4, 66.1)

n/a

89.6 (87.8, 91.2)

79.5 (70.9, 86.1)

  1. Countries excluded include: Madagascar (n = 0 products)
  2. n/a Registration list not available in Tanzania for 2014
  3. a Excluding products with unknown country of manufacture
  4. b Benin: Cote d’Ivoire, DRC, Morocco, Nigeria, Senegal, Togo; Kinshasa: Vietnam; Katanga: Zambia; Nigeria: Malaysia, Morocco, Pakistan, Senegal, Vietnam; Kenya: Bangladesh, USA, Vietnam; Tanzania: Morocco, USA; Uganda: Morocco, USA; Zambia: Kenya