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Table 2 Risk factors associated to hypoglycaemia among patients admitted with a malaria diagnosis, according to the univariate analysis

From: Continuous determination of blood glucose in children admitted with malaria in a rural hospital in Mozambique

 

Normoglycaemia N = 55, n (%)

Hypoglycaemia N = 10, n (%)

ORe and 95% CI

p valuee

Socio-demographic characteristics

 Age in months (median, IQR)a

27 (10–65)

39 (32–65)

1.01 (0.99–1.03)

0.514

 Male gender

30 (54.6)

7 (70.0)

1.79 (0.45–7.07)

0.405

 Current breastfeeding

21 (38.2)

2 (20.0)

0.47 (010–2.14)

0.330

History of the current disease

 History of fever

55 (100.0)

10 (100.0)

1.00

 

 History of cough

16d (33.3)

4 (40.0)

1.36 (0.36–5.21)

0.650

 History of vomit

7d (14.6)

2 (20.0)

1.63 (0.33–8.14)

0.553

 History of diarrhoea

7d (14.6)

1 (10.0)

0.87 (0.13–5.78)

0.889

 Difficulties to breastfeed/anorexia

23 (41.8)

3 (30.0)

0.65 (0.16–2.56)

0.533

 Difficulties to drink

11 (20.0)

2 (20.0)

1.14 (0.24–5.37)

0.870

 Fasting ≥8 h

37 (67.3)

6 (60.0)

0.71 (0.19–2.68)

0.616

 History of seizures

11d (22.9)

1 (10.0)

0.52 (0.08–3.26)

0.481

Anthropometrics

 Weight in kgb

27.1 (2.2)

22.6 (4.8)

1.04 (0.92–1.18)

0.497

 Global acute malnutritionc

3 (5.5)

1 (10.0)

1.93 (0.18–21.13)

0.585

 Severe acute malnutritionc

1 (1.8)

1 (10.0)

6.00 (0.32–111.87)

0.172

Symptoms and signs on admission

 Axillary temp. (°C)b

38.7d (0.2)

37.7 (0.5)

0.59 (0.35–0.99)

0.046

 Respiratory rateb

36.0d (1.2)

30.9 (1.9)

0.92 (0.82–1.02)

0.111

 BCS at admissionb

4.3 (0.2)

3.9 (0.6)

0.83 (0.56–1.23)

0.358

 Respiratory distress

5d (10.4)

0 (0.0)

0.38 (0.02–7.36)

0.520

 Dehydration

3d (6.3)

1 (10.0)

2.05 (0.26–15.73)

0.489

 Pallor

13d (27.1)

5 (50.0)

2.63 (0.69–10.02)

0.157

 Jaundice

1d (2.1)

1 (10.0)

5.00 (0.47–53.38)

0.183

 Oedema

0d (0.0)

1 (10.0)

15.32 (0.58–405.11)

0.102

 Prostration

11 (20.0)

3 (30.0)

1.81 (0.42–7.51)

0.416

 Unconscious (BCS <5)

11 (20.0)

3 (30.0)

1.81 (0.42–7.51)

0.416

 Deep coma (BCS <2)

10 (18.2)

3 (30.0)

2.02 (0.48–8.50)

0.336

Investigation

 Malaria diagnosis

55 (100.0)

10 (100.0)

1.00

 

 HIV infection

2 (3.8)

1 (10.0)

3.25 (0.38–27.63)

0.280

 Severe anaemia

5d (10.4)

0 (0.0)

0.44 (0.02–8.56)

0.584

 Positive blood culture

1 (1.8)

1 (10.0)

5.74 (0.54–61.11)

0.148

 Hypoglycaemia at admission (<3.0 mmol/L)

4 (7.3)

1 (10.0)

1.81 (0.25–13.00)

0.557

 Hypoglycaemia at admission (<2.5 mmol/L)

2 (3.6)

1 (10.0)

3.38 (0.40–28.68)

0.264

 Normal-low range glycaemia (3–5 mmol/L)

10 (18.2)

1 (10.0)

0.50 (0.06–4.51)

0.529

 Hyperglycaemia at admission (≥11.0 mmol/L)

1 (1.8)

0 (0.0)

1.73 (0.07–45.43)

0.742

 Glycaemia at admission (mmol/L)b

6.3 (0.3)

5.8 (0.6)

0.91 (0.66–1.24)

0.542

 Time up to sensor activation (minutes)b

82.6 (20.3)

79.3 (32.9)

1.00 (0.99–1.01)

0.857

 Hyperparasitaemia (>100,000 parasites/µL)

27 (49.1)

2 (20.0)

0.30 (0.07–1.370)

0.122

Treatment

 Intravenous quinine

1 (1.8)

0 (0.0)

1.73 (0.07–45.43)

0.742

 Intravenous artesunate

51 (92.7)

10 (100.0)

1.84 (0.09–36.71)

0.691

 Blood transfusion

3d (6.3)

1 (10.0)

0.72 (−1.32–2.76)

0.489

Outcome

 Length of admission in daysb

2.5 (0.2)

3.0 (0.6)

1.27 (0.84–1.94)

0.259

 Severe malaria

14 (25.5)

3 (30.0)

1.33 (0.33–5.43)

0.686

 Died

1 (1.8)

0 (0.0)

1.73 (0.07–45.43)

0.742

  1. Value in italic is statistically significant
  2. BCS Blantyre coma score
  3. aAge is presented as median (IQR)
  4. bVariables presented as mean (standard deviation)
  5. cAcute malnutrition calculated using weight-for-Height Z score (up to 5 years) or body mass index (>5 years)
  6. dThese variables contain missing data for 7 patients
  7. eOR and p value derived from Firth logistic regression