Table 2 Factors associated with malaria parasitaemia
Variables | Malaria parasitaemia by microscopy | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Negative, N = 3992 | Positive, N = 938 | Crude OR | Adjusted ORa | ||
Age categories (months) | |||||
0–6 | 451 (91.97) | 39 (8.03) | 1 | 1 | |
7–12 | 437 (88.92) | 54 (11.08) | 1.43 (0.95–2.14) | 1.62 (1.04–2.52) | 0.033* |
13–24 | 827 (84.03) | 157 (15.97) | 2.18 (1.51–3.13) | 2.20 (1.47–3.29) | 0.001* |
25–36 | 767 (77.89) | 218 (22.11) | 3.25 (2.22–4.76) | 3.47 (2.32–5.20) | 0.001* |
37–48 | 844 (78.03) | 238 (21.97) | 3.23 (2.27–4.58) | 3.69 (2.47–5.50) | 0.001* |
49–59 | 665 (74.11) | 232 (25.89) | 4.00 (2.72–5.88) | 4.01 (2.57–6.45) | 0.001* |
Gender | |||||
Male | 1936 (80.99) | 454 (19.01) | |||
Female | 2056 (80.94) | 484 (19.06) | 1.00 (0.82–1.22) | 1.04 (0.82–1.32) | 0.764 |
Residence | |||||
Urban | 730 (93.65) | 50 (6.35) | |||
Rural | 3261 (78.58) | 889 (21.42) | 4.02 (1.87–8.65) | 1.74 (0.92–3.29) | 0.089 |
Use of LLIN | |||||
No | 1056 (83.72) | 205 (16.28) | |||
Yes | 2936 (80.01) | 733 (19.99) | 1.29 (1.02–1.62) | 1.33 (1.04–1.71) | 0.026* |
IRS use | |||||
No | 3742 (80.35) | 915 (19.65) | |||
Yes | 2447 (92.77) | 19 (7.23) | 0.32 (0.12–0.83) | 0.23 (0.08–0.61) | 0.004* |
Mother’s education | |||||
No education | 549 (72.70) | 206 (27.30) | 1 | 1 | |
Primary | 2036 (80.98) | 478 (19.02) | 0.63 (0.50–0.79) | 0.75 (0.59–0.96) | 0.023* |
Secondary | 660 (90.12) | 72 (9.88) | 0.29 (0.21–0.40) | 0.61 (0.43–0.86) | 0.005* |
Tertiary | 133 (98.92) | 1 (1.08) | 0.03 (0.01–0.13) | 0.11 (0.02–0.53) | 0.006* |
Mother heard malaria message | |||||
No | 1266 (77.63) | 365 (22.37) | |||
Yes | 2315 (83.28) | 465 (16.72) | 0.70 (0.56–0.86) | 0.78 (0.62–0.99) | 0.037* |
Household wealth | |||||
Poorest | 799 (72.11) | 309 (27.89) | 1 | 1 | |
Poorer | 831 (77.07) | 247 (22.89) | 0.77 (0.58–1.02) | 0.70 (0.50–0.99) | 0.043* |
Middle | 774 (77.44) | 225 (22.56) | 0.75 (0.53–1.07) | 0.75 (0.50–1.12) | 0.157 |
Richer | 784 (86.26) | 124 (13.56) | 0.41 (0.29–0.59) | 0.40 (0.27–0.61) | 0.001* |
Richest | 804 (96.16) | 32 (3.84) | 0.10 (0.06–0.18) | 0.17 (0.08–0.36) | 0.001* |