Field site, country, trial type | Intervention(s) | Insecticide (dosage) | Intervention coverage | Control(s) (dosage) | Major malaria vector speciesresistance status | Impact on vector populationsc | Impact on disease incidencec | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Orissa, India, community-levela | Polyethylene sheeting (ITPS) | Deltamethrin (55 mg/m2) | Full coverageb | Untreated plastic sheeting | An. culicifacies s, An. fluviatilis s | Significant reductions in mosquito house entry (80–89%), vector indoor population density (95–100%), blood feeding (75%) and parity rates (74–77%) | Significant reduction in malaria incidence (65–70%) | [40] |
Untreated control | Increased immediate (56%) and delayed (100%) mosquito mortality and induced exophily (41%) | |||||||
Human blood index decreased to 0 | ||||||||
Uttar Pradesh, India, community-level (temporary labour shelters) | Polyethylene sheeting (ITPS) | Deltamethrin (265Â mg/m2) | Full coverage | Untreated plastic sheeting | An. culicifacies s, An. fluviatilis s | Significant reductions in indoor vector population density and blood feeding, both to 0% | Significant reduction in malaria incidence to 0% | [43] |
Liberian refugee camps, Sierra Leone, community-level (temporary shelters) | Polyethylene sheeting (ITPS) | Deltamethrin (55 mg/m2) | Ceiling + roof | Untreated plastic sheeting | An. gambiae s.l.s, An. funestus s.l.s | ND | Protective efficacy from malaria infection of 60% and 15% for full or partial ITPS coverage, respectively | [44] |
Four tent walls + ceiling | Significant increase in time to first malaria infection among full ITPS coverage group | |||||||
Significant increases in mean Hb concentration in both intervention groups | ||||||||
Ouidah-Kpomassè-Tori Bossito, Benin, community-level | Polypropylene sheeting (ITPS) | Bendiocarb (200 mg/m2) | Upper thirds of walls | Deltamethrin LLIN (PermaNet® 2.0; 55 mg/m2) (targeted coverage to pregnant women and <6 years) | An. gambiae s.l.s/r, An. funestus s.l.ND | No significant reductions in human biting rate, sporozoite rate or EIR for all interventions | No significant reductions in malaria incidence, prevalence or parasite density for ITPS + LLIN, UC of LLIN or LLIN + IRS compared to targeted LLIN | [21] |
Significantly greater proportions of parous mosquitoes and indoor resting vectors in ITPSÂ +Â LLIN villages | ||||||||
IRS | Bendiocarb (400Â mg/m2) | All house walls | kdr allele frequency increased in all intervention groups | |||||
PermaNet® 2.0 LLIN | Deltamethrin (55 mg/m2) | Universal coverage | ||||||
Balombo, Angola, community-level | Polyethylene sheeting (ITPS) (ZeroFly®) | Deltamethrin (360 mg/m2) | Full coverage | Deltamethrin LLIN (PermaNet® 2.0; 55 mg/m2) | An. funestus ND and other minor anopheline spp. | Significant reductions in indoor vector population density (82% for ITPS + LLINs; 78% for IRS; 73% for WL) and intensity of mosquito bites in most intervention villages, measured using anti-Anopheles saliva IgG antibodies levels | Significant reductions in malaria incidence (58% for ITPS + LLINs; 54% for IRS; 51% for WL) | [45] |
IRS (lambdacyhalothrin; 25Â mg/m2) | ||||||||
Polyethylene WL (ZeroVector®) | Deltamethrin (175 mg/m2) |