Fig. 1

UHPLC-HRMS base peak chromatograms (BPC) obtained from malaria and control urine samples. BPC of a malaria patients (ESI+), b healthy controls (ESI+), c malaria patients (ESI−) and d healthy controls (ESI−) analysed using a HILIC column. Amino acids such as l-alanine, l-tryptophan, tyrosine and phenylalanine were eluted within the retention time range of 5–6.5 min, whereas, organic acids such as 4-aminohippuric acid, homovanillic acid, lactic acid, uric acid and 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid were detected within a wider retention time window (0.5–5 min). Some urinary pyrimidine nucleosides such as cytidine and uridine were eluted within 2.5 min