Table 2 Mortality of Anopheles gambiae s.l. exposed to deltamethrin and permethrin alone as well as PBO + deltamethrin and PBO + permethrin in 2015 and 2016 in the northern sector
Regions | Sentinel site | Insecticide | 2015 | 2016 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total tested | % Mortality | CI 95% mortality | p value | Total tested | % Mortality | CI 95% mortality | p value | |||
Nothern | Sawla | Deltamethrin | 77 | 18.2 | ±2.1 | 9.24E−11 | 96 | 7.3 | ±0.4 | 3.29E−16 |
PBO + deltamethrin | 79 | 84.8 | ±2.1 | 95 | 84.2 | ±2.4 | ||||
Permethrin | 79 | 15.2 | ±0.9 | 1.58E−03 | 94 | 5.3 | ±1.1 | 1.61E−02 | ||
PBO + permethrin | 80 | 36.3 | ±1.0 | 95 | 14.7 | ±0.9 | ||||
Wulensi | Deltamethrin | 80 | 27.5 | ±1.4 | 2.29E−10 | 83 | 0.0 | ±0.0 | 5.55E−13 | |
PBO + deltamethrin | 78 | 100.0 | ±0.0 | 83 | 62.7 | ±2.5 | ||||
Permethrin | 82 | 42.7 | ±2.7 | 9.25E−05 | 89 | 3.4 | ±1.0 | 1.76E−07 | ||
PBO + permethrin | 80 | 83.8 | ±2.4 | 88 | 37.5 | ±2.0 | ||||
Ashanti | Konongo | Deltamethrin | 78 | 12.8 | ±1.5 | 2.92E−10 | 89 | 1.1 | ±0.5 | 4.87E−15 |
PBO + deltamethrin | 79 | 73.4 | ±1.0 | 84 | 75.0 | ±2.2 | ||||
Permethrin | nd | nd | nd | nd | 83 | 13.3 | ±0.6 | 1.11E−09 | ||
PBO + permethrin | nd | nd | nd | 83 | 68.7 | ±1.0 | ||||
Ejura | Deltamethrin | 79 | 24.1 | ±1.9 | 1.62E−10 | 80 | 41.3 | ±0.9 | 5.18E−07 | |
PBO + deltamethrin | 80 | 92.5 | ±2.1 | 78 | 98.7 | ±0.5 | ||||
Permethrin | 77 | 15.6 | ±2.4 | 1.61E−04 | 80 | 95.0 | ±1.3 | 7.49E−01 | ||
PBO + permethrin | 78 | 43.6 | ±3.8 | 78 | 100.0 | ±0.0 | ||||
Upper East | Zebilla | Deltamethrin | 79 | 89.9 | ±1.5 | 3.68E−01 | 84 | 21.4 | ±1.3 | 1.35E−11 |
PBO + deltamethrin | 80 | 98.8 | ±0.5 | 91 | 84.6 | ±0.9 | ||||
Permethrin | nd | nd | nd | nd | 82 | 8.5 | ±0.9 | 1.44E−02 | ||
PBO + permethrin | nd | nd | nd | 85 | 20.0 | ±1.3 | ||||
Fumbisi | Deltamethrin | 95 | 20.0 | ±1.2 | 2.14E−12 | 81 | 49.4 | ±3.2 | 3.19E−06 | |
PBO + deltamethrin | 88 | 94.3 | ±0.9 | 85 | 96.5 | ±0.9 | ||||
Permethrin | 84 | 42.9 | ±1.7 | 1.31E−06 | 90 | 17.8 | ±1.2 | 1.29E−04 | ||
PBO + permethrin | 84 | 94.0 | ±0.5 | 95 | 42.1 | ±1.8 | ||||
Upper West | Wecheau | Deltamethrin | 84 | 20.2 | ±1.6 | 1.62E−09 | 84 | 34.5 | ±1.6 | 4.06E−08 |
PBO + deltamethrin | 87 | 75.9 | ±3.2 | 80 | 96.3 | ±0.5 | ||||
Permethrin | 82 | 10.4 | ±1.3 | 5.81E−07 | 87 | 10.3 | ±0.9 | 3.08E−13 | ||
PBO + permethrin | 83 | 49.4 | ±3.9 | 87 | 80.5 | ±1.4 | ||||
Tumu | Deltamethrin | 86 | 38.4 | ±0.5 | 5.32E−07 | 87 | 4.6 | ±1.3 | 1.05E−15 | |
PBO + deltamethrin | 77 | 100.0 | ±0.0 | 84 | 85.7 | ±2.9 | ||||
Permethrin | 78 | 43.6 | ±4.0 | 5.46E−04 | 98 | 12.2 | ±2.1 | 1.16E−05 | ||
PBO + permethrin | 81 | 75.3 | ±0.6 | 91 | 42.9 | ±3.2 | ||||
Brong Ahafo | Kenyasi | Deltamethrin | 84 | 17.9 | ±1.0 | 1.23E−05 | 91 | 70.3 | ±4.8 | 6.49E−02 |
PBO + deltamethrin | 84 | 52.4 | ±2.8 | 80 | 95.0 | ±1.3 | ||||
Permethrin | 84 | 7.1 | ±2.2 | 7.63E−03 | 87 | 63.2 | ±3.9 | 2.04E−02 | ||
PBO + permethrin | 83 | 20.5 | ±3.5 | 85 | 88.2 | ±0.7 | ||||
Kwame Danso | Deltamethrin | 78 | 12.8 | ±1.9 | 1.66E−13 | 84 | 36.9 | ±4.3 | 1.12E−08 | |
PBO + deltamethrin | 83 | 88.0 | ±1.0 | 86 | 96.5 | ±1.0 | ||||
Permethrin | 89 | 21.3 | ±0.7 | 7.64E−07 | 82 | 13.4 | ±1.1 | 2.73E−06 | ||
PBO + permethrin | 88 | 63.6 | ±1.6 | 84 | 48.8 | ±5.3 | ||||