Fig. 4

Alteration of CD19⁺ B cells and CD10⁻CD19⁺CD27⁺ memory B cells in P. vivax subjects. a The gating strategy for identifying the CD19⁺B cells and CD19⁺CD10⁻ CD27⁺ memory B cells (MBCs) by using flow cytometry. The B cell subsets in the FACS plots are represented for P. vivax-infected patients. The lymphocytes were first gated, and then, 100,000 events using CD19⁺ were collected to identify the B cell populations. These populations were continuously analysed for the expression of CD10⁻ and CD27⁺, which were classified as MBCs. The percentages of CD19⁺ B cells (b) and CD19⁺ CD10⁻CD27⁺ MBCs (c) in individuals during acute phase and at 3 and 9 months recovery after P. vivax infeciton (n = 11) are shown. Each symbol represents the B cell frequencies for one individual. The horizontal line reflects the median value