The oxylipin and endocannabidome responses in acute phase Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children

Surowiec, Izabella; Gouveia-Figueira, Sandra; Orikiiriza, Judy; Lindquist, Elisabeth; Bonde, Mari; Magambo, Jimmy; Muhinda, Charles; Bergström, Sven; Normark, Johan; Trygg, Johan

doi:10.1186/s12936-017-2001-y

Malaria Journal

Table 1 Analysis of oxylipins

From: The oxylipin and endocannabidome responses in acute phase Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children

Compound	Abbreviation	Precursor	Pathway	OPLS-DA uncomplicated versus controls	p value uncomplicated versus controls	OPLS-DA severe versus controls	p value severe versus controls	OPLS-DA severe versus uncomplicated	p value severe versus uncomplicated
Thromboxane B2	TXB₂	AA	COX	−0.62	<0.0001	−0.55	0.0004	0.13	NS
9,12,13-trihydroxy-octadecenoic acid	9,12,13-TriHOME	LA	5-LOX	0.36	NS	0.61	0.0022	0.31	NS
9,10,13-trihydroxy-octadecenoic acid	9,10,13-TriHOME	LA	5-LOX	0.27	NS	0.61	0.0413	0.27	NS
Prostaglandin F2aα	PGF_2α	AA	COX	−0.10	NS	0.00	0.0056	−0.02	NS
Prostaglandin E2	PGE₂	AA	COX	−0.45	NS	−0.37	0.0180	−0.19	NS
Prostaglandin D2	PGD₂	AA	COX	−0.38	NS	−0.21	0.0428	−0.03	NS
Resolvin D2	Resolvin D2	DHA	12/15-LOX	0.07	NS	−0.17	NS	−0.28	NS
Resolvin D1	Resolvin D1	DHA	12/15-LOX	−0.32	–	−0.16	–	0.25	–
Lipoxin A4	5,6,-LXA₄	AA	12/15-LOX	−0.19	NS	−0.10	NS	−0.00	NS
Trans-Leukotriene B4	Trans-LTB₄	AA	5-LOX	−0.12	NS	0.18	NS	0.15	NS
Leukotriene B4	LTB₄	AA	5-LOX	−0.02	NS	0.56	NS	0.65	NS
12,13-dihydroxy-octadecenoic acid	12,13-DiHOME	LA	CYP	0.25	NS	0.34	NS	0.21	NS
9,10-dihydroxy-octadecenoic acid	9,10-DiHOME	LA	CYP	0.09	NS	0.34	NS	0.26	NS
14,15-dihydroxy-eicosatrienoic acid	14,15-DHET	AA	CYP	0.60	NS	0.58	NS	−0.17	NS
11,12-dihydroxy-eicosatrienoic acid	11,12-DHET	AA	CYP	0.53	NS	0.40	NS	−0.29	NS
8,9-dihydroxy-eicosatrienoic acid	8,9-DHET	AA	CYP	0.43	NS	0.21	NS	−0.36	NS
5,6-dihydroxy-eicosatrienoic acid	5,6-DHET	AA	CYP	−0.23	0.0054	−0.26	0.0051	−0.23	NS
12-hydroxy-eicosapentaenoic acid	12-HEPE	EPA	12/15-LOX	−0.33	NS	−0.36	NS	−0.47	NS
20-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid	20-HETE	AA	CYP	0.37	0.0017	0.27	0.0241	−0.33	NS
13-hydroxy-octadecadienoic acid	13-HODE	LA	12/15-LOX	0.06	NS	0.55	NS	0.58	0.0200
9-hydroxy-octadecadienoic acid	9-HODE	LA	5-LOX	0.09	NS	0.55	0.0350 (*)	0.57	0.0128 (*)
15-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid	15-HETE	AA	12/15-LOX	−0.38	NS	−0.23	0.0402	−0.25	NS
13-oxo-octadecadienoic acid	13-oxo-ODE	LA	12/15-LOX	0.24	NS	0.51	NS	0.60	0.0464
11-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid	11-HETE	AA	12/15-LOX	−0.37	NS	−0.26	NS	−0.19	NS
15-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid	15-oxo-ETE	AA	12/15-LOX	−0.08	NS	0.29	NS	0.32	NS
12-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid	12-HETE	AA	12/15-LOX	−0.37	NS	−0.38	0.0079	−0.47	NS
8-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid	8-HETE	AA	12/15-LOX	−0.13	NS	0.02	NS	−0.11	NS
15-hydroxy-eicosatrienoic acid	15-HETrE	DGLA	12/15-LOX	−0.27	0.0306	−0.06	NS	0.11	NS
12-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid	12-oxo-ETE	AA	12/15-LOX	0.01	NS	−0.14	NS	−0.51	NS
9-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid	9-HETE	AA	12/15-LOX	−0.28	NS	−0.10	NS	−0.10	NS
5-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid	5-HETE	AA	5-LOX	−0.14	NS	−0.01	NS	−0.03	NS
12(13)epoxy-octadecenoic acid	12(13)-EpOME	LA	CYP	0.66	0.0087	0.72	0.0017	0.38	NS
14(15)-epoxy-eicosatrienoic acid	14(15)-EET	AA	CYP	0.60	NS	0.60	NS	0.26	NS
9(10)epoxy-octadecenoic acid	9(10)-EpOME	LA	CYP	0.69	0.0107	0.77	0.0025	0.39	NS
11(12)-epoxy-eicosatrienoic acid	11(12)-EET	AA	CYP	0.32	NS	0.46	NS	0.55	NS
5-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid	5-oxo-ETE	AA	5-LOX	0.09	NS	0.27	NS	0.01	NS
8(9)-epoxy-eicosatrienoic acid	8(9)-EET	AA	CYP	0.44	NS	0.44	NS	0.25	NS
5(6)-epoxy-eicosatrienoic acid	5(6)-EET	AA	CYP	0.54	NS	0.48	NS	0.29	NS

p(corr) values from the OPLS-DA models between the studied groups of samples (the changes are presented in relation to infected individuals, with minus sign showing lower and plus sign depicting higher levels in infected individuals) and summary from the univariate t test analysis with Welch’s correction with p values provided for the compounds that showed significantly different levels (p < 0.05) between studied groups of samples; in italics are marked values significant according to the OPLS-DA models (jack-knifing confidence intervals) and according to t test with Bonferroni correction for p = 0.05 (0.00125)
AA arachidonic acid, DHA docosahexaenoic acid, EPA eicosapentaenoic acid, GLA gamma-linolenic acid, LA linoleic acid
* Non-parametric Mann–Whitney test

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