Household costs among patients hospitalized with malaria: evidence from a national survey in Malawi, 2012

Malaria Journal

Table 3 GLM regression results for the predictors of the total household cost of malaria episodes resulting in hospitalization in Malawi, 2012 (N = 80)

	Coefficient (β)	Robust standard error	Ratio of arithmetic means^a	95% confidence interval		p value
Full model
Sex (female vs. male)	0.48	0.47	1.62	0.65	4.06	0.302
Age < 5 years vs. ≥ 5 years	−0.51	0.08	0.60	0.51	0.71	< 0.01
Wealth tertile, middle vs. least poor and poorest	−0.54	−4.18	0.59	0.46	0.75	< 0.01
Wealth tertile, poorest vs. least poor and middle	−0.45	−2.58	0.64	0.45	0.90	0.01
CHAM vs. MoH	0.40	0.05	1.49	1.35	1.65	< 0.01
Rural vs. urban residence	−0.20	0.27	0.82	0.48	1.38	0.456
Days in hospital	0.02	0.00	1.02	1.01	1.03	< 0.01
Distance to health facility (< 5 km vs. ≥ 5 km)	−0.64	0.26	0.53	0.31	0.88	0.015
Restricted model
Age < 5 years vs. ≥ 5 years	−0.51	0.09	0.60	0.51	0.71	< 0.01
Wealth tertile, least poor vs. middle and poorest	0.60	0.08	1.82	1.57	2.11	< 0.01
CHAM vs. MoH	0.42	0.06	1.52	1.36	1.70	< 0.01
Days in hospital	0.02	0.01	1.02	1.00	1.04	0.03
Distance to health facility (< 5 km vs. ≥ 5 km)	−0.50	0.05	0.61	0.55	0.67	< 0.01

MoH Ministry of Health, CHAM Christian Health Association of Malawi
^aExponentiated coefficient β_i; multiplicative effect of variable on total household cost

ISSN: 1475-2875