Fig. 5

Subclass analysis of anti-PfCSP humoral immune responses. Two weeks after the last immunization, individual serum samples were collected and tested by ELISA for anti-PfCSP total IgG (a), IgG1 (b), IgG2a (c), and IgG2b (d). Data from the table is shown (n = 10). Protected individuals are shown as filled circles and unprotected individuals as open circles, and bars and error bars indicate the geometric mean and 95% CI of the values, respectively. Between-group differences were assessed by the Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s correction for multiple comparisons. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 and ****p < 0.0001