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Table 1 Univariate and multivariate predictors of rice farmer’s acceptance to contribute extra labour time for future Bti activities

From: Community-based biological control of malaria mosquitoes using Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) in Rwanda: community awareness, acceptance and participation

Variable

Univariate OR (95% CI)

p value

Multivariate OR (95% CI)

p value

Age (years)

 20–34

1

   

 35–50

1.173 (0.621–2.214)

0.623

  

 51 +

0.741 (0.381–1.442)

0.377

  

Gender

 Male

1.567 (0.957–2.567)

0.074

  

 Female

1

   

Marital status

 Married or living together

2.059 (1.094–3.875)

0.025

  

 Single/divorced/widow

1

   

Educational level

 None

1

   

 Primary

1.607 (0.921–2.806)

0.095

  

 Post-primary/vocational

1.059 (0.182–6.156)

0.949

  

 Secondary school or higher

1.324 (0.379–4.619)

0.660

  

Family size

 1–5 people

1.601 (0.977–2.625)

0.062

  

 6 +

1

   

Involvement in rice farming (years)

 0–5

6.344 (2.061–19.529)

0.001

4.939 (1.504–16.218)

0.008

 6–14

3.229 (1.889–5.521)

0.000

1.900 (1.007–3.587)

0.048

 15 +

1

   

Household income from rice cultivation

 0–50%

2.155 (1.226–3.788)

0.008

  

 51% +

1

   

Capital given for cooperative membership

 0–3000 RWF

7.765 (3.697–16.308)

0.000

6.103 (2.639–14.113)

0.000

 3001–20,000 RWF

2.144 (1.211–3.794)

0.009

1.870 (0.966–3.620)

0.063

 20,001 RWF+

1

   

Rice profitable

 No/hardly/modestly

1.995 (1.197–3.325)

0.008

1.843 (1.021–3.328)

0.043

 Yes, very much

1

   

Malaria transmission

 No

1

   

 Mosquito/Anopheles

1.441 (0.617–3.365)

0.399

  

Malaria symptoms

 1–3 symptoms

1

   

 4 +

3.114 (1.658–5.848)

0.000

3.115 (1.565–6.203)

0.001

Frequent mosquito bites in marshlands

 Almost never/once in a while

1

   

 Often/very often

1.624 (0.572–4.611)

0.362

  

Rice cultivation as potential mosquito breeding site

 Not at all important/minor importance

1

   

 Important/very important

0.784 (0.211–2.916)

0.716

  

Ever heard about larviciding

 No

1

   

 Yes

3.985 (1.377–11.534)

0.011

  

Larviciding safety on rice consumers

 None/little

1

   

 Much/very much

1.557 (0.852–2.846)

0.150

  

Larviciding safety on rice farmers

 None/little

1

   

 Much/very much

1.490 (0.814–2.727)

0.196

  

Larviciding safety on living organisms

 None/little

1

   

 Much/very much

2.442 (1.217–4.901)

0.012

2.357 (1.114–4.985)

0.025

Larviciding reduce mosquito abundance

 None/little

1

   

 Much/very much

1.386 (0.827–2.322)

0.215

  

Larviciding reduce malaria risk

 None/little

1

   

 Much/very much

1.003 (0.612–1.644)

0.990

  
  1. The italics values in the “univariate” column represent the significant variables at a screening p value of < 0.25 that were included in the final multivariate analysis
  2. The italics values in “multivariate” column represent the statistically significant variables in the final model