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Fig. 1 | Malaria Journal

Fig. 1

From: Yeast interfering RNA larvicides targeting neural genes induce high rates of Anopheles larval mortality

Fig. 1

Larval mortality is induced by interfering RNA larvicides with target sites in the Sac1, lrc, and otk genes. The Sac1.1, lrc.2, and otk.16 siRNAs were identified in a screen for larval lethal genes in which siRNAs were evaluated by microinjection of third instar larvae (a) and through brief soaking treatment of first instar larvae (b). In the screen, an siRNA with no known target in Anopheles gambiae served as the control (a, b). The screen was performed in duplicate (see “Methods” for further details). For each replicate, 30 animals per treatment were microinjected, and 20 animals/treatment were soaked. Data were analysed with Fisher’s exact test [22]. c The larvicidal activity of these interfering RNAs was further confirmed when significant mortality was observed in larvae fed with heat-inactivated E. coli expressing dsRNA corresponding to the Sac1.1, lrc.2, and otk.16 target sites. Animals fed with bacteria expressing dsRNA corresponding to GFP served as the control in these experiments. Data were compiled from replicate experiments (n = 240 control-treated larvae, 160 Sac1.1-treated larvae, 240 lrc.2-treated larvae, and 160 otk.16-treated larvae) and assessed by two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test. ***p < 0.001 in comparison to control-fed larvae; **p < 0.05 in comparison to control-fed larvae; error bars denote standard errors of the mean (SEMs)

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