Fig. 4

Major functions or pathways related with the genetic background of artemisinin resistant Cambodian parasites. a Cell localization of pathways (stars) and significant genes (boxes) with major known biological functions. Annotation terms were taken from genes current description in PlasmoDB [30] and GO terms. Star numbers refer to biological pathways or cell localization: 1, Apical complex; 2, Autophagy; 3, DNA/repair; 4, Drug resistance; 5, Lipid biosynthesis; 6, Mitosis/Meiosis; 7, Oxidation–reduction; 8, RNA metabolism (mRNA); 9, RNA metabolism (tRNA); 10, Cell signalization; 11, Surface antigen; 12, Traffic; 13, Transport; 14, Transcription; 15, Ubiquitination. b Interplay between ubiquitination and cell division in artemisinin resistant parasites. Frequency of isolates having at least one significant mutation or a rare mutation was calculated for the ART-R subpopulations and KHA parasites. Plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum membrane are represented by grey bars. Schema was built from protein–protein interactions or relationship given in databases and literature. Orange boxes: genes from the 57 genes set; White boxes: significant genes from the 265 set. AKT has grey box because it contains no significant mutations, but only rare mutations